Electronic controls module 1 test

What is electricity and how is it typically conducted

Electricity is the flow of electric charge, typically through a conductor such as a wire.

static electricity

accumulation of electric charge on the surface of objects.

current electricity

continuous flow of electric charge through a conductor,

electric charge

fundamental property of particles that causes them to experience a force in the presence of an electric and magnetic field.

Voltage

Force that pushes electric charges through a
conductor.

How to measure voltage

Connect a multimeter in parallel

Electric current

rate at which electric charge flows through a conductor

How to measure current

Connect a multimeter in series

Resistance

opposition to the flow of electric current through a conductor.

Capacitance

ability of a component to store and release electrical energy. measured in farads (F)

Capacitance determining factors

Surface area of the plates (larger area
increases capacitance), the distance between the plates (closer plates increase capacitance),
and the type of dielectric material used between the plates

three materials that are conductors

Copper, aluminum, and silver

Why do conductors conduct electricity

free electrons allow electric charge to flow with minimal resistance,

3 Insulators

Rubber, glass, plastic

semiconductors

electrical conductivity between that of conductors and
insulators.

Semiconductors importance in electronics

Their conductivity can be precisely controlled by adding impurities in a process
known as doping

Describe how friction can generate electricity

when two different materials are rubbed together, electrons are transferred leading to an imbalance of
charge

piezoelectric effect

when pressure is applied to certain crystals, such as
Rochelle salts or quartz, generating an electric charge

Thermocouples

generate electricity by using heat to create a voltage at the junction of two
dissimilar metals

role of light in generating electricity

Photovoltaic cells generate electricity when light strikes a photosensitive material,

how chemical reactions can produce electricity

Electrochemical cells produce electricity through chemical reactions between different
metals and electrolytes

aluminum wires.

Aluminum wire is cheaper and lighter but has only about 60% of the conductivity of copper.

used in high-voltage power lines where weight is a significant
factor, but it is less favored for home wiring due to potential corrosion issues when connected
with copper,

Ohm’s Law

V = IR,

electrical power

rate at which electrical energy is used, produced, or transferred

block diagram

represents each function or circuit section as a “block,”

pictorial diagrams

show the actual physical arrangement of components on a circuit board

seful during assembly and repair.

wiring diagrams

provide detailed information on the physical connections and routing
between components in a system

crucial for the installation of electrical systems

line diagrams

showing connections in a single line per phase.

used in electrical engineering for visualizing and managing large-scale power
distribution systems.

steps of a systematic troubleshooting methodology

1. Define the problem:

2. Gather information:

3. Identify possible causes:
4. Test hypotheses:
5. Implement a solution:

6. Verify the solution:

Why is documentation important in the troubleshooting process

t keeps accurate records of each step
taken, from problem definition to solution implementation

electrical shock

when a person comes into contact with an electrical energy source,
causing current to pass through their body.

Factors that influence electrical shock

1. voltage of the source,

2. the current flowing through the body,

3.the duration of contact,

4.path the current takes through the body.

Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCIs)

shutting off the power when it detects that current is flowing through
an unintended path,

circuit breakers

automatically stop the flow of electricity in case of
an overload or short circuit

surge protectors

protectors protect electrical equipment from voltage spikes by diverting
excess voltage away from the devices

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

ensure safe and healthful working conditions by
setting and enforcing standards, and by providing training, outreach, education, and
assistance.