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What key discoveries shaped the development of the atomic model?
The formulation of the law of definite proportions, the law of electrostatic charges, and the discovery of protons, neutrons, and electrons all shaped the development of the modern atomic model.
Explain how each new atomic model was more workable than the last.
The plum pudding model explained cathode rays better than the indivisible atom of the Greek model or Dalton’s model. The nuclear model provided a better explanation for the evidence from the gold foil experiments. The Bohr model explained the specific energy (colors of light) absorbed and emitted by atoms. The quantum-mechanical model explains the location of electrons better than previous models. In each case the model was more workable— it explained new observations better.
What parts of Dalton’s atomic theory were disproven by later discoveries?
Contrary to Dalton’s theory, later discoveries showed that atoms were made of smaller parts, that is, not indivisible, and that atoms of the same element could be different from each other (e.g., isotopes and ions).
Why is the Bohr model still used today even though it is no longer believed to accurately represent the structure of an atom? T
It remains useful for showing how certain chemical processes work. It also provides a clear depiction of energy levels.
If an atomic model cannot explain a scientific observation, what should happen to it?
It should be modified to explain the new observation or be replaced.
BJU Physical Science Chapter 3: Measurment
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_72i9xx
Define dimension as it relates to science. any measurable aspect of
something
Common dimensions include length, time, temperature,
volume, and speed
Define unit the name and size of a
portion of a dimension
that has a value of 1.
bias A particular preference or
point of view that is personal, rather than scientific.
presuppositions
examples of quanitative data water temperature
aircraft speed
time of an accident
examples of qualitative data audibility of a sound
pattern of veins in a butterfly's wing
shape of a mineral crystal
Who established the decimal metric system? France
Metric means to measure
The French defined a kilogram as the mass of one cubic decimeter of
water
The standard kilogram resides in the International Bureau
of Weights and Measures
(BIPM) in France, under
carefully controlled environmental conditions
SI is an abbreviation for
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BJU Physical Science Chapter 3: Measurment
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_72i9xx
International System of
Units
What is a factor? one of the numbers in a
multiplication operation
approximately equal to symbol
Provide a definition of measuring unit. the name and size of a
segment of a dimension
that has value of 1
Why do most scientist prefer quantitative data
over qualitative data?
quantitative data is less
likely to misinterpreted
What was the main reason the French developed the metric system?
European community
was having difficulty
communicating scientific
ideas.
they needed a common
standard of units
T/F
Measuring involves comparing a dimension to
with a graduated scale of an appropriate instrument or other standard.
TRUE
T/F the liter is an SI base unit. FALSE
Which unit do we know was used both before
and after the Flood?
cubit
What is the measurement error? The difference between a
measured value and the
true value.
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BJU Physical Science Chapter 3: Measurment
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_72i9xx
Define accuracy how close a measurement is to the true value
Precision evaluates how exactly a measurement was made
(exactness)
Define repeatability Able to be repeated by
others to confirm results/objectivity
SD stands for significant digits
Scientist use the concept of SD (significant digits) to
indicate the precision of
their measurements
The symbol NM is used to stand for international nautical mile
Zeros following the last nonzero digit are called trailing zeros
zeros to the left of the first nonzero digit in a
decimal fraction are called
leading zeros
SD Rule 1: SDs only apply to measured data
SD Rule 2: all nonzero digits are significant
SD Rule 3: All zeros between nonzero digits are significant
SD Rule 4: Decimal points define significant zeros
SD Rule 5 A decimal point must follow an estimated zero in
the one's place
Define scientific notation
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BJU Physical Science Chapter 3: Measurment
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_72i9xx
a convenient way to express very large or small
numbers
What are 3 sources of measurement error? environmental conditions
operator error
defective instruments
measuring conditions
How can you tell that an instrument has a decimal scale?
the main graduations are