Bonds: Ionic, Hydrogen, Covalent Bonding, Hydrophobic Interactions Which Type Of Molecules Use Which Bonds For Structure, Function Or Interaction. Peptide Bonds Glyosidic Bonds Phosphodiester Bonds

Ionic Bonding

A chemical bond formed through the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Key Characteristics of Ionic Bonds

Strong bond, typically forms between metals and nonmetals.

Example of Ionic Bond

Sodium chloride (NaCl).

Covalent Bonding

A chemical bond formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons.

Key Characteristics of Covalent Bonds

Can be single, double, or triple bonds; stronger than ionic bonds.

Examples of Covalent Bonds

Water (H₂O), Methane (CH₄).

Hydrogen Bonding

A weak bond that occurs when a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an electronegative atom is attracted to another electronegative atom.

Key Characteristics of Hydrogen Bonds

Important for the structure of water and biological molecules.

Examples of Hydrogen Bonds

Bonds between water molecules, base pairing in DNA.

Hydrophobic Interactions

Nonpolar molecules tend to aggregate in aqueous solutions to minimize their exposure to water.

Key Characteristics of Hydrophobic Interactions

Important in protein folding and membrane formation.

Example of Hydrophobic Interactions

Lipid bilayers in cell membranes.

Peptide Bonds

Formed between amino acids during protein synthesis; a type of covalent bond.

Function of Peptide Bonds

Link amino acids to form polypeptides.

Glycosidic Bonds

Formed between monosaccharides to create disaccharides and polysaccharides; a type of covalent bond.

Function of Glycosidic Bonds

Link sugars for energy storage and structural purposes (e.g., starch, cellulose).

Phosphodiester Bonds

Formed between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the hydroxyl group of another; a type of covalent bond.

Function of Phosphodiester Bonds

Link nucleotides to form DNA and RNA strands.

Summary of Ionic Bonds

Common in salts and minerals; provide structural integrity.

Summary of Covalent Bonds

Fundamental for organic molecules (proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids).