APHUG unit 6

Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary, Quinary

Bulk-gaining & Bulk-reducing

Bulk-gaining products increase in weight or volume after production (e.g., cars), while bulk-reducing products lose weight (e.g., copper).

Break of bulk point

A location where goods switch transportation modes, like ports or distribution hubs.

Agglomeration

The clustering of businesses in a region to benefit from shared resources, labor, and infrastructure.

Maquiladoras

 Factories in Mexico near the U.S. border that assemble products for export at lower labor costs.

Eco-Tourism

Responsible tourism focused on conservation and benefiting local communities.

Sustainable Development Goals

17 global goals set by the UN to promote economic growth, environmental protection, and social equity.

 Development Index (HDI)

A measure of a country’s development based on life expectancy, education, and income.

Rostow’s Stages of Economic Growth

 A five-stage model describing a country's economic development from subsistence farming to mass consumption.

Wallerstein’s World System Theory

A theory that divides the world into core, semi-periphery, and periphery nations based on economic dominance.

Weber’s Least Cost Theory

 A model that explains industrial location based on minimizing transportation, labor, and agglomeration costs.

Dependency Theory

The idea that developing nations remain economically reliant on wealthier countries due to historical exploitation.

Commodity Dependence

When a country’s economy heavily relies on exporting a few raw materials, making it vulnerable to market shifts.

Gender Inequality Index

A measure of gender-based disparities in health, education, and economic participation.

Economic “Tigers” and “Lions”

"Tigers" are rapidly growing Asian economies (e.g., South Korea), while "Lions" are emerging African economies.

Economies of Scale

Cost advantages gained when production increases, reducing per-unit costs.

Commodity Chain

The global production and distribution process of a product from raw material to consumer.