Gas Laws and Properties

Flashcards covering essential concepts and laws related to gases.

What is Compressibility?

A measure of how much the volume of matter decreases under a certain amount of pressure.

What does Boyle's Law state?

When the temperature and number of particles in a gas are held constant, the volume varies inversely with the pressure.

What is Charles's Law?

The volume of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to its temperature if the pressure is held constant.

What is Absolute Zero?

The temperature at which all motion stops.

What does Gay-Lussac's Law describe?

The pressure of a fixed mass of gas is proportional to its temperature if the volume is held constant.

What is the Combined Gas Law?

Describes the relationship among pressure, volume, and temperature when the amount of gas is held constant.

What does Avogadro's Law explain?

The relationship between the volume of a gas and the number of moles.

What is the Ideal Gas Law?

The relationship among the number of moles, pressure, volume, and temperature.

What is an Isobaric Process?

A closed-system for which the pressure is held constant.

What is an Isovolumetric Process?

A closed-system process for which the volume is held constant.

What is an Isothermal Process?

A closed-system process that is held at constant temperature.

What is an Intensive Property?

Properties that do not change based on the scale, or size, of a gas.

What is an Extensive Property?

Properties that do change based on the scale, or size, of a gas.

What is Partial Pressure?

The contribution each gas makes to the total pressure.

What does Dalton's Law state?

The total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the component gases.

What is Diffusion?

The tendency of molecules to move toward areas of lower concentration until the concentration is uniform.

What is Effusion?

A gas escapes through a tiny hole in its container.

What does Graham's Law of Effusion state?

The rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of the gas's molar mass.

How does an increase/decrease in temperature, volume, and number of particles affect the pressure of gas?

An increase in temperature increases pressure while a decrease in temperature decreases pressure.

As temperature increase, volume increases.

An increase in volume decreases pressure while a decrease in volume increases pressure.

An increase in number of particles of a gas will increase pressure while a decrease in number of particles will decrease pressure.

How do real gases deviate from ideal gases?

Real gases have a volume that should be considered whereas ideal gases assume gases have a negligible volume. Real gases also have attractive forces whereas ideal gases assume there is no attractive forces.