Lesson 8 Etymological Notes & Shaded Blocks

Latin Nouns and Adjectives

What does it mean that Latin (and Greek) is an inflected language?

Nouns, pronouns, and adjectives have different endings to indicate their grammatical function in a sentence

What are the five classifications / groups that Latin nouns are divided into?

Which three classifications produce most English derivatives?

Declensions

The first three declensions

What is the meaning of the phrase os coxae?

Cervix Vesicae?

Bone of the hip

Neck of the bladder

What is the meaning of the phrase Cervix Uteri?

Icterus Neonatorum?

Neck of the uterus

Jaundice of newborns

What can the genitive singular of nouns of the first, second, and third declensions be translated into?

The word of

What is the meaning of the word Corona Dentis?

Crown of the tooth

For the first and second declensions of Latin nominative endings, what are the singular endings?

Plural endings?

Singular:

• Masculine — -us

• Feminine — -a

• Neuter — -um

Plural:

• Masculine — ī

• Feminine — -ae

• Neuter — -a

For the third declension of Latin nominative endings, what are the singular endings?

Plural endings?

Singular:

• Masculine / Feminine — s

• Neuter — *

Plural:

• Masculine / Feminine — -ēs

• Neuter — -(i)a

For the fourth declension of Latin nominative endings, what are the singular endings?

Plural endings?

Singular:

• Masculine — -us

• Neuter — -u

Plural:

• Masculine — -ūs

• Neuter — -ua

For the fifth declension of Latin nominative endings, what are the singular endings?

Plural endings?

Singular:

• Feminine — -ēs

Plural:

• Feminine — -ēs

For Latin suffixes, what connecting vowels do we typically use?

Usually i, but sometimes o or u

What is the purpose of the English adverb-forming suffix -ad?

What does it indicate?

Forms adverbs from nouns

Indicates direction toward a part of the body

What is the meaning of the word dextrad?

Sinistrad?

Cephalad?

Toward the right side

Toward the left side

Toward the head

What do diminutive suffixes express?

What are some examples of diminutive suffixes?

Express the idea of smallness / small

-cle, -ella, -il, -ola, -ule, -culus, -ellum, -illa, -olus, -ulus

What is the meaning of the word Rubella?

Roseola?

Variola?

Varicella?

German Measles; named for the “little red things” that accompany this disease

Skin condition marked by maculae or red spots; named for the “little reddish things” that characterize this condition

Smallpox

Chickenpox

What is the meaning of the term Medulla Oblongata?

Cerebellum?

Auricle?

Lowest part of the brain stem

Portion of the brain forming the largest part of the rhombencephalon

Portion of the external ear not contained within the head

What is the meaning of the word Chancre?

Venereal ulcer, an outward manifestation of Symphilis

What is the meaning of the word Insulin?

Hyperglycemia?

Diabetes Mellitus?

Hormone that regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates in the body

Characteristic of Diabetes Mellitus caused by deficient production or utilization of insulin

Disease caused by the destruction of pancreatic beta cells and is thought to result from autoimmune destruction of those cells

Where do the words Vaccine and Vaccination come from?

Come from the Latin word vacca (cow)

Where do the words Viscous and Viscid come from?

Bears no relationship to the internal organs (the viscera) but are derived from the Latin word viscum (mistletoe)

Where do the words Synovia and Bursa come from?

Synovia comes from ovum (egg) and Bursa comes from byrsa (skin, hide of an animal)

What is the meaning of the word Occiput?

Sinciput?

Biceps?

Triceps?

Back part of the head

Fore and upper part of the cranium, or the upper half of the skull

Two-headed

Three-headed