Cross sectional anatomy Neck and Thorax anatomage table

This vessel is the largest vascular structure of the neck. It drains blood from the brainand superficial parts of the face and neck.

Right Internal Jugular Vein

parotid glands

are the largest of the salivary glands and extend inferiorly from the level of the EAM to the angle of the mandible.

Mediastinum

The __________ is the midline region of the thoracic cavity located between the two pleural cavities of the lungs.

This vessel returns deoxygenated blood to the right atrium from the upper extremities,head, neck, and upper chest.

Superior Vena Cava (SVC)

This vessel is the first and largest vessel to branch off the aortic arch.

Brachiocephalic trunk

This is considered one of the great vessels. It is responsible for the return ofdeoxygenated blood to the right atrium from the lower portion of the body.

Inferior Vena Cava (IVC)

This is the second artery to branch off the aortic arch.

Left Common Carotid Artery

This is the most posterior artery to branch off the aortic arch.

Left Subclavian Artery

This vessel is a branch off the brachiocephalic trunk. It branches off to the right.

Right Subclavian Artery

This vessel is another branch off the brachiocephalic trunk. It extends superior into the neck.

Right Common Carotid Artery

This vessel starts at the level of C3/C4. This vessel branches off one is has passed through the parotid gland. It supplies blood to the face and the neck.

Right External Carotid Artery

This vessel also starts at the level of C3/C4. This vessel travels through the neck andenters the base of the skull through the carotid canal.

Left Internal Carotid Artery

This portion of the vessel arises directly from the left ventricle.

Ascending Aorta

This portion of the vessel has 3 artery branches that arise from it. It curves posteriorly in the thoracic cavity. It usually sits at about the level of T3.

Aortic Arch

This portion of the vessel descends inferiorly through the thoracic cavity and eventuallypasses through the abdominal cavity.

Descending Aorta/Thoracic Aorta

These vessels are the only arteries to carry deoxygenated blood.

Pulmonary Arteries

These vessels are the only veins to carry oxygenated blood. They bring the oxygenatedblood to the left atrium.

Pulmonary Veins

This vessel arises from the right ventricle. It sits in front of the ascending aorta.

Pulmonary Trunk

Which of the 4 cardiac chambers is the most anterior?

Right ventricle

Which of the 4 cardiac chambers is the most posterior?

Left atrium

Which of the 4 cardiac chambers is surrounded by thick myocardium?

Left ventricle

_________ serves as opening for both food and air.

Pharynx

Nasopharynx - most ________ portion of pharynx; passage of air from __________ to ________ ; __________________ tonsils located here

superior; nasal cavity; larynx; adenoids/pharyngeal

Oropharynx - ____________ extension of ______ cavity; ________________ located here

posterior; oral; palatine and lingual tonsils

Laryngopharynx - most __________ portion of pharynx; spans from level of _____________ to _____________________; __________ sinuses located here

inferior; hyoid bone; cricoid cartilage/esophagus begins; piriform

Valleculae located in ______________

oropharynx

Valleculae; where do they sit?

Two pouch like openings that sitbetween the base of tongue and epiglottis

What is valleculae a common site for?

foreign objects to get stuck

Larynx job =

protect vocal cords

List the 3 unpaired cartilages within the larynx

thyroid, epiglottis, cricoid

List the 3 paired cartilages within the larynx

arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform

_______________ differs because it is elastic and moves,closes over larynx to ensure food doesn't enter downlarynx/trachea

Epiglottis

____________ cartilage marks the start of esophagus

Cricoid

Thyroid gland is a ___________ endocrine gland

Bilobed

The thyroid gland is located at the level of the ___________

cricoid cartilage

For the thyroid gland axial images of it appears ___________ and surrounds the __________

Wedge-shaped; trachea

Esophagus is a muscular tube that allows:

foods and liquids to get to stomach

The Esophagus lies __________ to the trachea

posterior

The Trachea is lined with ______ c-shaped cartilages

16-20

The Trachea begins at _________ and ends at _______

larynx; carina

_________ is where trachea bifurcates into right and leftmainstem bronchi. at approximately the level of T5.

Carina

Carina is at the level of

T5

The Trachea lies _________ to esophagus

anterior

The Salivary glands job =

produce and empty saliva into oral cavity

Parotid glands - located ________ to ear; sit very ____________; have a _______ appearance on imaging; _________ paired salivary glands

anterior; laterally; fatty; largest

Submandibular glands - sit _________ the mandible

below

Sublingual glands - located ____________ on the _______ of the mouth; __________ paired salivary glands

under the tongue; floor; smallest

The Hyoid bone sits ____________ in the neck

anterior

What is unique about the Hyoid bone?

Does not directlyattach to another bone

What is the Hyoid bone's job?

acts as attachment site for muscles

The Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle Separates the _______________ of the neck

anterior and posterior triangles

The Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle starts __________ in superior neck, then moves ____________ as you look inferior in the neck

posterior; anteriorly

The Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle sits ________ on coronal images

laterally

The Trapezius muscle is a big muscle located in the _________ triangle of the neck

posterior

The Trapezius muscle's Job =

elevate the scapula

Lungs are made up of

parenchyma

most superior aspect of lungs

Apex

inferior border, sits on top of diaphragm

Base

Costophrenic Angles - most inferior and _________

lateral

Right Lung - __ lobes: __________, __________, ___________; _________ fissure separates the middle lobe from the superior lobe; oblique fissure separates the inferior lobe from the middle lobe

3; superior, middle, and inferior; horizontal; oblique

Left Lung - __ lobes: __________________; __________ fissure separates the two lobes; ____________ allows room for heart to sit to the left

2; superior and inferior; oblique; cardiac notch

Hilum - allows for passage of

blood vessels, mainstem bronchi, lymph vessels, and nerves

Carina -

where trachea bifurcates into right and left mainstem bronchi; level of T5

Bronchi - starts as _____________________, further divides into __________________, then into ______________________, then eventually into ____________, bronchioles further divide eventually ending at _________

mainstem/primary bronchi; secondary/lobar bronchi; tertiary/segmental bronchi; bronchioles; alveoli

are the functional unit of the respiratorysystem

Alveoli

Thymus gland is a

Bilobed gland

The Thymus gland sits in _________ portion of mediastinum/directly behind ___________

superior; manubrium

The Thymus gland is the primary lymphatic organ responsible for _________

immunity

The Thymus gland reaches its maximum size at _________ and gets ____________ over time

puberty; smaller

Purpose of azygos venous system

drain some posterior organs and a backup route for IVC and SVC

Azygos Vein - located on the ______ side; ______ in size

right; larger

Hemiazygos Vein - located on the ______ side; crosses over to join azygos vein around the level of __________

left; T7-T9

The Sternum consists of:

manubrium, body, and xiphoidtip/process

most superior portion of sternum;triangular in shape; jugular notch located on superioraspect at T2/T3

Manubrium

-middle aspect of sternum; severalindentations on right and left side for rib attachments

Body

most inferior aspect ofsternum; attachment point for muscles

Xiphoid Tip/Process

__________ muscles are located between the ribs;divided into 3 layers: external, internal, and innermost layers

Intercostal

Diaphragm is the;

dome shaped muscles that make up the inferior border of the thoracic cavity

_________ is the chief muscle of respiration

Diaphragm

Pectoralis muscles are located on the ____________ aspect of the chest wall

anterior

Pectoralis major muscle sits posterior to the _______________ layer of the female breast.

retromammary

Right atrium - receives ____________ blood from the __________

deoxygenated; SVC/IVC

Right ventricle - receives ______________ blood from the ____________ via the ___________

deoxygenated; right atrium; tricuspid valve

Left atrium - receives ____________ blood from __________

oxygenated; pulmonary veins

Left ventricle - receives ____________ blood from _____________ via the ___________ valve

oxygenated; left atrium; bicuspid/mitral

Bicuspid/Mitral valve - located between the __________________

left atrium and left ventricle

Tricuspid valve - located between the ________________

right atrium and left ventricle

Aortic semilunar valve - located between the ________________

left ventricle and ascending aorta

Pulmonary semilunar valve - located between the _______________

right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

Superior Vena Cava/SVC - delivers ____________ blood from the upper portion of the body to the __________

deoxygenated; right atrium

Inferior Vena Cava/IVC - delivers _______________ blood from the inferior portion of the body to the ____________

deoxygenated; right atrium

Pulmonary Trunk - main pulmonary artery; located directly off the ____________; branches into the right and leftpulmonary arteries around ____________

right ventricle; T4/level of sternal angle

Pulmonary Arteries - only arteries to carry _____________ blood

deoxygenated

Pulmonary Veins - only veins to carry ___________ blood

oxygenated

Aorta - largest ________ in the body

artery

Papillary Muscles - cone-shaped projections of cardiac muscles that anchor the tricuspid and bicuspid valves to the ventricles; right ventricle = ____; left ventricle = ____

3; 2

Interventricular Septum - separates the ________________

right and left ventricles

Interatrial Septum

separates the right and left atria

Mammary

Which of the following is a layer of the breast that consists of glandular tissue, excretory ducts, and connective tissues.