SLP A&P Test 1 Review

What does the pulmonary apparatus include

What does the pulmonary apparatus include

pulmonary airways and lungs

T/F The respiratory system with it's active and passive forces can be compared to a chair spinning

false

T/F The respiratory system with it's active and passive forces can be compared to a coil

true

Where are the muscles located that produce inspiratory force

rib cage and diaphragm

Tidal breathing is the most common form of breathing. What are the other names for tidal breathing

automatic breathing, metabolic breathing, involuntary breathing

Which cranial nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid muscle that elevates the sternum, clavicle, and ribcage

XI (accessory)

Select the graph that best depicts lung volume during an extended steady utterance.

B

T/F The pulmonary apparatus is the air containing, air conducting, and gas exchanging part of the respiratory system

true

T/F The lungs and chest wall tend to move asynchronously

false

T/F The more air the respiratory system contains, there is less recoil force to expire

false

The diaphragm forms the convex floor of the ____

thorax

The more the respiratory system is deformed from its resting size (whether in the stretched or depressed direction) the more ___ recoil force it generates

passive

The respiratory system is ___ at very large and very small volumes

stiffer

The ___ is when the respiratory system is in a mechanically neutral position and the alveolar pressure is the same as the atmospheric pressure or zero

resting level

List three variables controlled by the respiratory system that are important in the production of speech

lung volume, alveolar pressure, and chest wall shape

What is tidal volume

the volume of air inspired or expired in a breathing cycle

The respiratory system is controlled by the central nervous system which is made up by the ___ and the ____ as well as selected nerves within the peripheral system which is the ___ and the ___

brain and spinal cord; cranial and spinal nerves

List three variables that influence respiratory structure and function

body type, age, gender

What is the role of the phrenic nerve in respiration

innervates the diaphragm

Describe Boyle's Law

the more room for molecules to move, the less pressure; the less room for molecules to move, the more pressure (halving the volume (with the same number of molecules) increases the pressure; doubling the volume (with the same number of molecules) decreases the pressure)

The rib cage moves because it includes two sets of joints. Name the two different joints and where they are located

costosternal (between ribs and sternum) costovertebral (between ribs and vertebral column)

What is the main purpose of the respiratory system

ventilation (gas exchange)

The brain stem is in control of ___ breathing

tidal

Select the graph that best depicts the alveolar pressure during an extended steady utterance

D

T/F The maximum inspiratory pressure is more negative at smaller lung volumes than larger lung volumes

true

T/F the greatest inspiratory pressure is generated near the top of vital capacity

false

T/F The greatest inspiratory pressure is generated near the bottom of vital capacity

true

Where are the muscles located that can produce expiratory force

abdominal wall and rib cage

Name the active forces that act on respiratory system

actions (active movement) of the muscles, amount of air in the respiratory system

Name three accurate statements regarding the alveolar pressure

pressure inside lungs, generated by a collision of air molecules within the pulmonary apparatus, can be determined by the pressure in the trachea, sum of all passive and active forces operating on the respiratory system

Name the passive forces that act on the respiratory system

gravity, recoil, surface tension

T/F the abdominal cavity can be thought of as an elastic bag filled with water

true

What are the alveoli in the area of respiration

little sacs in the pulmonary apparatus that change CO2 to O2

What does the chest wall include

rib cage, diaphragm, abdominal wall, abdominal content

Name four accurate statements about the abdominal wall

provides casing for lower half of torso, shaped like an oblong tube and runs all the way around the torso, includes 15 vertebrae that extends from near the bottom of the rib cage to the pelvic girdle, and consists of two broad sheets of connective tissue and several large muscles

The diaphragm can enlarge the thorax vertically by pulling down on the ___ and enlarge the thorax circumferentially by elevating the ___

central tendon; lower 6 ribs

A reasonably good estimate of alveolar pressure during speech production can be obtained by measuring pressure in the ___

trachea

Increasing the thoracic size is an __ action, decreasing the thoracic size is an ___ action

inspiratory; expiratory

The __ is composed of a series of c shaped cartilages whose open end face toward the back, where the structure is completed by a flexible wall shared with the ___

trachea; esophagus

At the front most of the ribs are attached to bars of ___ which in turn are attached to the ___ (breast bone)

costal cartilages; sternum

T/F The lung volume increasing with utterance production

false

T/F Both relaxed/passive pressure and active muscle pressure contribute to extended steady utterance production

true

T/F During sustained phonation the inspiratory breaking action is accomplished primarily by the expiratory rib cage wall muscles and recoil

false

T/F Signals from the brain stem travel via peripheral nerves to reach the muscles of the chest wall

true

T/F If a respiratory structure moves, it means it has moved itself and no outside forces have assisted it

false

T/F The more highly domed the diaphragm, the more active inspiratory force it can exert

true

T/F The two types of rib movement occur together and in phase

true

What is total lung capacity

the most air you can hold in your lungs (Tidal Volume, Vital Capacity, Residual Volume, Expiratory Reserve Volume, and Inspiratory Reserve Volume)

What is the Inspiratory Reserve Volume

the maximum volume of air that can be inspired from the tidal end inspiratory level (the peak of the tidal volume cycle)

The chest wall A. only exerts passive force and only in the expiratory direction OR B. can exert both passive and active forces that are both inspiratory and expiratory in nature

B

The pulmonary apparatus A. only exerts passive force and only in the expiratory direction OR B. can exert both passive and active forces that are both inspiratory and expiratory in nature

A

(Faster, Slower) Expiration during running speech is ___ than during resting tidal breathing

slower

What is residual volume

the volume of air remaining in the pulmonary apparatus at the end of a maximum voluntary expiration

T/F You cannot measure residual volume directly

true

What is vital capacity

maximum volume of air that can be expired following a maximum inspiration; or inspired following a maximum expiration (Tidal Volume, Inspiratory Reserve Volume, and Expiratory Reserve Volume)

What is the functional residual capacity

the volume of air in the pulmonary apparatus at the resting tidal and expiratory level (Expiratory Reserve Volume and Residual Volume)

The respiratory system A. only exerts passive force and only in the expiratory direction OR B. can exert both passive and active forces that are both inspiratory and expiratory in nature

B

What is the Expiratory Reserve Volume

the volume of air that can be expired from the tidal end-expiratory level (the trough of the tidal volume cycle)

What is the inspiratory capacity

maximum volume of air that can be inspired from the resting tidal and end-expiratory level (Tidal Volume and Inspiratory Reserve Volume)