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What does the pulmonary apparatus include
pulmonary airways and lungs
T/F The respiratory system with it's active and passive forces can be compared to a chair spinning
false
T/F The respiratory system with it's active and passive forces can be compared to a coil
true
Where are the muscles located that produce inspiratory force
rib cage and diaphragm
Tidal breathing is the most common form of breathing. What are the other names for tidal breathing
automatic breathing, metabolic breathing, involuntary breathing
Which cranial nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid muscle that elevates the sternum, clavicle, and ribcage
XI (accessory)
Select the graph that best depicts lung volume during an extended steady utterance.
B
T/F The pulmonary apparatus is the air containing, air conducting, and gas exchanging part of the respiratory system
true
T/F The lungs and chest wall tend to move asynchronously
false
T/F The more air the respiratory system contains, there is less recoil force to expire
false
The diaphragm forms the convex floor of the ____
thorax
The more the respiratory system is deformed from its resting size (whether in the stretched or depressed direction) the more ___ recoil force it generates
passive
The respiratory system is ___ at very large and very small volumes
stiffer
The ___ is when the respiratory system is in a mechanically neutral position and the alveolar pressure is the same as the atmospheric pressure or zero
resting level
List three variables controlled by the respiratory system that are important in the production of speech
lung volume, alveolar pressure, and chest wall shape
What is tidal volume
the volume of air inspired or expired in a breathing cycle
The respiratory system is controlled by the central nervous system which is made up by the ___ and the ____ as well as selected nerves within the peripheral system which is the ___ and the ___
brain and spinal cord; cranial and spinal nerves
List three variables that influence respiratory structure and function
body type, age, gender
What is the role of the phrenic nerve in respiration
innervates the diaphragm
Describe Boyle's Law
the more room for molecules to move, the less pressure; the less room for molecules to move, the more pressure (halving the volume (with the same number of molecules) increases the pressure; doubling the volume (with the same number of molecules) decreases the pressure)
The rib cage moves because it includes two sets of joints. Name the two different joints and where they are located
costosternal (between ribs and sternum) costovertebral (between ribs and vertebral column)
What is the main purpose of the respiratory system
ventilation (gas exchange)
The brain stem is in control of ___ breathing
tidal
Select the graph that best depicts the alveolar pressure during an extended steady utterance
D
T/F The maximum inspiratory pressure is more negative at smaller lung volumes than larger lung volumes
true
T/F the greatest inspiratory pressure is generated near the top of vital capacity
false
T/F The greatest inspiratory pressure is generated near the bottom of vital capacity
true
Where are the muscles located that can produce expiratory force
abdominal wall and rib cage
Name the active forces that act on respiratory system
actions (active movement) of the muscles, amount of air in the respiratory system
Name three accurate statements regarding the alveolar pressure
pressure inside lungs, generated by a collision of air molecules within the pulmonary apparatus, can be determined by the pressure in the trachea, sum of all passive and active forces operating on the respiratory system
Name the passive forces that act on the respiratory system
gravity, recoil, surface tension
T/F the abdominal cavity can be thought of as an elastic bag filled with water
true
What are the alveoli in the area of respiration
little sacs in the pulmonary apparatus that change CO2 to O2
What does the chest wall include
rib cage, diaphragm, abdominal wall, abdominal content
Name four accurate statements about the abdominal wall
provides casing for lower half of torso, shaped like an oblong tube and runs all the way around the torso, includes 15 vertebrae that extends from near the bottom of the rib cage to the pelvic girdle, and consists of two broad sheets of connective tissue and several large muscles
The diaphragm can enlarge the thorax vertically by pulling down on the ___ and enlarge the thorax circumferentially by elevating the ___
central tendon; lower 6 ribs
A reasonably good estimate of alveolar pressure during speech production can be obtained by measuring pressure in the ___
trachea
Increasing the thoracic size is an __ action, decreasing the thoracic size is an ___ action
inspiratory; expiratory
The __ is composed of a series of c shaped cartilages whose open end face toward the back, where the structure is completed by a flexible wall shared with the ___
trachea; esophagus
At the front most of the ribs are attached to bars of ___ which in turn are attached to the ___ (breast bone)
costal cartilages; sternum
T/F The lung volume increasing with utterance production
false
T/F Both relaxed/passive pressure and active muscle pressure contribute to extended steady utterance production
true
T/F During sustained phonation the inspiratory breaking action is accomplished primarily by the expiratory rib cage wall muscles and recoil
false
T/F Signals from the brain stem travel via peripheral nerves to reach the muscles of the chest wall
true
T/F If a respiratory structure moves, it means it has moved itself and no outside forces have assisted it
false
T/F The more highly domed the diaphragm, the more active inspiratory force it can exert
true
T/F The two types of rib movement occur together and in phase
true
What is total lung capacity
the most air you can hold in your lungs (Tidal Volume, Vital Capacity, Residual Volume, Expiratory Reserve Volume, and Inspiratory Reserve Volume)
What is the Inspiratory Reserve Volume
the maximum volume of air that can be inspired from the tidal end inspiratory level (the peak of the tidal volume cycle)
The chest wall A. only exerts passive force and only in the expiratory direction OR B. can exert both passive and active forces that are both inspiratory and expiratory in nature
B
The pulmonary apparatus A. only exerts passive force and only in the expiratory direction OR B. can exert both passive and active forces that are both inspiratory and expiratory in nature
A
(Faster, Slower) Expiration during running speech is ___ than during resting tidal breathing
slower
What is residual volume
the volume of air remaining in the pulmonary apparatus at the end of a maximum voluntary expiration
T/F You cannot measure residual volume directly
true
What is vital capacity
maximum volume of air that can be expired following a maximum inspiration; or inspired following a maximum expiration (Tidal Volume, Inspiratory Reserve Volume, and Expiratory Reserve Volume)
What is the functional residual capacity
the volume of air in the pulmonary apparatus at the resting tidal and expiratory level (Expiratory Reserve Volume and Residual Volume)
The respiratory system A. only exerts passive force and only in the expiratory direction OR B. can exert both passive and active forces that are both inspiratory and expiratory in nature
B
What is the Expiratory Reserve Volume
the volume of air that can be expired from the tidal end-expiratory level (the trough of the tidal volume cycle)
What is the inspiratory capacity
maximum volume of air that can be inspired from the resting tidal and end-expiratory level (Tidal Volume and Inspiratory Reserve Volume)