Chemistry Solubility

Solution

A homogeneous mixture where the components are evenly distributed and cannot be distinguished from one another.

Solute

The dissolved particles in a solution.

Solvent

The dissolving medium in a solution, often water.

Mixture

A physical blend of two or more substances.

Heterogeneous mixture

A mixture that is not uniform in composition.

Homogeneous mixture

A mixture that has a completely uniform composition.

Electrolytes

Compounds that conduct an electric current when dissolved in water.

Nonelectrolytes

Compounds that do not conduct an electric current in either aqueous solution or the molten state.

Solubility

The amount of solute that dissolves in a given quantity of solvent at a specified temperature.

Saturation

A solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve for a given amount of solvent.

Miscible

Two liquids that can dissolve in each other.

Immiscible

Two liquids that do not dissolve in each other.

Colligative Properties

Properties that depend on the concentration of solute particles, not their identity.

Freezing Point Depression

The lowering of the freezing point of a solvent caused by the presence of a solute.

Boiling Point Elevation

The raising of the boiling point of a solvent due to the presence of a solute.

Henry's Law

States that the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas above the liquid.

Weak Electrolyte

A solute that partially dissociates into ions in solution.

Strong Electrolyte

A solute that completely dissociates into ions in solution.

Dissociation

The process in which ionic compounds separate into their constituent ions in solution.

Tyndall Effect

The scattering of light by particles in a colloid.

Suspension

A heterogeneous mixture containing particles that can settle upon standing.

Concentration

The quantity of solute present in a given quantity of solution.