Structure and Bonding

what does atom consist of

subatomic particles: protons, electrons, and neutrons

crystalline solids

solids where atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a highly ordered structure that creates a crystal lattice (ex. salt, diamond, metals)

amorphous solids

solid where atoms and molecules are not organized in a definite lattice pattern (ex. glass, plastics)

mass number/atomic mass

number of protons and neutrons in the atom

atomic number

number of protons in the atom (also the number of electrons if the atom is neutral)

isotope

two or more types of atoms that have different number of neutrons

valence electron

the electrons on the shell furthest from the nucleus of the atom

ionic bond

bond between a metal and non-metal atom

covalent bond

bond between two non-metal atoms (sharing of electrons)

metallic bond

bond between atoms in a metal

element

one kind of atom

compound

two or more kinds of atoms

homogeneous

evenly mixed (ex. sugar water)

heterogeneous

unevenly mixed (ex. water and oil)

states of matter

solid, liquid, gas

solid

definite shape, definite volume, rigidy cli