A theory describing how individuals face different types of conflicts in decision-making, including approach-approach, avoidance-avoidance, and approach-avoidance conflicts.
New cards
2
Sensation-Seeking Theory
The idea that some individuals have a higher need for novel and intense experiences, often seeking excitement or risk.
New cards
3
Motivation
The process that initiates, directs, and sustains goal-directed behavior.
New cards
4
Instinct
An innate, unlearned behavior pattern that is biologically programmed.
New cards
5
Drive-Reduction Theory
The theory that motivation arises from the need to reduce internal tension caused by unmet biological needs.
New cards
6
Homeostasis
The body’s tendency to maintain a stable internal environment.
New cards
7
Incentive
An external stimulus that motivates behavior.
New cards
8
Hierarchy of Needs
Maslow’s model of human motivation, prioritizing physiological needs first, followed by safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization.
New cards
9
Abraham Maslow
A psychologist who developed the Hierarchy of Needs, emphasizing self-actualization as the ultimate human goal.
New cards
10
Glucose
A sugar in the bloodstream that serves as a major source of energy; low levels trigger hunger.
New cards
11
Set Point
The theory that the body maintains a stable weight range through hunger and metabolism regulation.
New cards
12
Basal Metabolic Rate
The rate at which the body burns energy while at rest to maintain vital functions.
New cards
13
Anorexia Nervosa
An eating disorder characterized by extreme weight loss due to severe food restriction and an intense fear of gaining weight.
New cards
14
Bulimia Nervosa
An eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging through vomiting, excessive exercise, or laxatives.
New cards
15
Alfred Kinsey
A researcher known for pioneering studies on human sexual behavior.
New cards
16
Sexual Response Cycle
The four-stage model of sexual activity: excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution.
New cards
17
Refractory Period
A resting period after orgasm during which a male cannot achieve another orgasm.
New cards
18
Sexual Disorder
A condition that impairs sexual arousal, function, or satisfaction.
New cards
19
Estrogen
A primary female sex hormone involved in reproductive processes.
New cards
20
Testosterone
A primary male sex hormone responsible for the development of male reproductive tissues and secondary sexual characteristics.
New cards
21
Affiliation Need
The need to belong, form relationships, and feel connected to others.
New cards
22
Ostracism
The deliberate exclusion of an individual from a social group.
New cards
23
Social Networking
The use of digital platforms to connect and communicate with others.
New cards
24
Narcissism
Excessive self-focus, a sense of superiority, and a lack of empathy for others.
New cards
25
Flow
A state of deep focus and engagement in an activity, leading to high performance and enjoyment.
New cards
26
Achievement Motivation
The drive to pursue and accomplish challenging goals.
New cards
27
GRIT
Passion and perseverance in pursuit of long-term goals.
New cards
28
Task Leadership
Leadership that focuses on setting goals, organizing work, and ensuring tasks are completed efficiently.
New cards
29
Social Leadership
Leadership that focuses on building relationships, fostering teamwork, and supporting group members.
New cards
30
Emotion
A complex psychological state involving physiological arousal, cognitive interpretation, and behavioral expression.
New cards
31
James-Lange Theory
The theory that emotions result from physiological reactions to stimuli.
New cards
32
Cannon-Bard Theory
The theory that physiological arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously.
New cards
33
Two-Factor Theory
The theory that emotions depend on both physiological arousal and cognitive labeling of the situation.
New cards
34
Embodied Emotion
The concept that emotions are deeply connected to bodily sensations and reactions.
New cards
35
Polygraph
A machine that measures physiological responses to determine emotional reactions, often used for lie detection.
New cards
36
Facial Feedback Effect
The tendency of facial expressions to influence emotional experiences.
New cards
37
Behavior Feedback Effect
The tendency of behaviors to influence emotional states.
New cards
38
Experienced Emotion
The subjective feeling and awareness of an emotional state.
New cards
39
Broaden-and-Build Theory
The idea that positive emotions expand cognitive abilities and help build lasting personal resources.
New cards
40
Posttraumatic Growth
Positive psychological changes resulting from adversity or traumatic experiences.
New cards
41
Catharsis
The process of releasing strong emotions, often through activities like crying or talking.
New cards
42
Feel-Good, Do-Good Phenomenon
The tendency of people in a good mood to be more helpful and generous.
New cards
43
Subjective Well-Being
A person’s self-perceived happiness and satisfaction with life.
New cards
44
Adaptation-Level Phenomenon
The tendency to judge new experiences based on past experiences, leading to adaptation over time.
New cards
45
Relative Deprivation
The feeling of being worse off compared to others, leading to frustration or dissatisfaction.
New cards
46
Behavioral Medicine
A field that integrates behavioral and medical knowledge to improve health and well-being.
New cards
47
Health Psychology
The study of how psychological factors influence physical health and illness.
New cards
48
Stress
A physical and psychological response to challenges or threats.
New cards
49
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
Selye’s three-stage response to stress: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.
New cards
50
Coronary Heart Disease
A condition caused by the narrowing of blood vessels, often linked to stress and lifestyle factors.
New cards
51
Type A
A personality type characterized by competitiveness, impatience, and hostility, which may increase heart disease risk.
New cards
52
Type B
A personality type characterized by relaxation, patience, and a non-competitive nature.
New cards
53
Psychophysiological Illness
Physical illnesses influenced by psychological factors, such as stress-related hypertension.
New cards
54
Lymphocytes
White blood cells that play a crucial role in the immune system.
New cards
55
Coping
Strategies used to manage stress and emotional distress.
New cards
56
Problem-Focused Coping
A strategy that involves addressing the root cause of stress to resolve it.
New cards
57
Emotion-Focused Coping
A strategy that involves managing emotional responses to stress rather than changing the stressor itself.
New cards
58
Aerobic Exercise
Sustained physical activity that improves cardiovascular health and reduces stress.
New cards
59
Biofeedback
A technique that teaches individuals to control physiological functions through monitoring and feedback.
New cards
60
Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Medical practices outside conventional medicine, including acupuncture, meditation, and herbal treatments.
Studied by 0 people
