abpsych drills

associated w/ formation of amyloid plaques & neurofibrillary tangles

neurognitive disorder due to alzheimer's disease

creutzfeldt-jakob disease

brain disease that leads to dementia; prion disorders

alzheimer's vs. dementia

dementia - broader term pertaining to a collection of symptoms involving cognitive decline (memory, reasoning, & other thinking skills)

alzheimer's - type of dementia; accounts for 60-80% of dementia cases

alzheimer's

responsible for 60-80% of dementia cases

anterior cingulate cortex

part of the limbic system responsible for cognitive & emotional functions such as:

• error detection & conflict monitoring

• sustaining attention

• emotional regulation

• “A” - Affect

Triad of Impairment

The Triad of Impairment refers to the three core areas affected in individuals with autism spectrum disorder, which include difficulties with social interactions, challenges in communication skills, and the presence of repetitive or restrictive behaviors.

• Social interaction

• Communication skills

• Repetitive/restrictive behavior
  

Echolalia

• mimics/parrots words; the repetition of phrases or noises heard, often seen in autism.

Echopraxia

• the involuntary imitation of others' actions, often associated with autism or certain neurological conditions.

Palilalia

• repetition of words several times or phrases, often with increasing speed or decreased volume. It is commonly observed in individuals with language disorders.

Coprolalia

• repeat saying bad/obscene/cuss words; the involuntary and repetitive use of obscene or profanity-laden language. It is often associated with Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders.

Clang association

• rhyming words; a speech pattern where a person's thoughts are expressed through rhyming or similar sounding words

Cataplexy

• a sudden loss of muscle tone triggered by strong emotions, often resulting in weakness or paralysis. It is commonly associated with narcolepsy; (biglang collapse kakatawa or other intense emotions)

Catalepsy

• a state of waxy rigidity where a person maintains a fixed posture for an extended period.

Stupor/Stuporous behavior

• a state of unresponsive or decreased responsiveness, often characterized by lack of awareness and minimal movement or reduced psychomotor activity

Stereotypy

• repetitive, usually involuntary actions or movements; purposeless behavior

Markedly below

• level of functioning of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia compared to expected norms in social, occupational, or personal domains.

Eugen Blueler

• swiss psychiatrist known for his work on schizophrenia, coining the term "schizophrenia" and “split-mind”, emphasizing the importance of cognitive aspects.

Avolition

• negative symptom

• characterized by a lack of motivation to initiate and sustain purposeful activities.

• apathy

Cotard syndrome

• belief that one is dead or decaying

Othello syndrome

• jealousy; a diagnostic term for the delusion that one's partner is unfaithful

Taijin Kyofusho

• fear to offend/hurt people or to cause them discomfort, often leading to social withdrawal.

Hikikomori

• extreme social isolation causing death; a social withdrawal phenomenon prevalent in Japan, characterized by individuals isolating themselves in their homes for an extended period, often due to anxiety or fear of social interaction.

De clerambault syndrome

• paranoid delusion that someone famous is madly in love with you

Philippe Pinel

• pioneered the moral treatment

• humane and kind treatment for the mentally ill

• unchained patients

Dorothea Dix

• pioneered the mental hygiene movement

Benjamin Rush

• wrote the first systematic textbook on mental diseases in America titled, Medical Inquiries and Observations upon Diseases of the Mind

• developed the tranquilizing chair — blood rush — control blood flow to reduce agitation

Kurt schneider

• proposed the First-rank symptoms in schizophrenia