Bone Health Disorders

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary and concepts related to bone health disorders including Osteomalacia, Osteoporosis, Paget's Disease, and their nutritional and medical treatments.

Osteomalacia

Softening of bones caused by impaired bone metabolism, often due to Vitamin D deficiency.

Rickets

A condition in children caused by insufficient Vitamin D intake, leading to softening of the bones.

Vitamin D deficiency

A condition where there is an insufficient amount of Vitamin D, affecting calcium and phosphate absorption.

Clinical manifestations of Osteomalacia

Bone pain, weakness, deformities, especially in the pelvis and lower back.

Looser's transformation zones

Areas in the bone that may indicate osteomalacia but may not show on X-ray.

Gait abnormalities

Common in Osteomalacia, characterized by difficulty walking or unusual walking patterns.

Factors affecting Vitamin D absorption

Lack of sun exposure, certain medications, liver or kidney disease, and inadequate weight-bearing exercises.

Best dietary sources of Vitamin D

Foods rich in Vitamin D include eggs, meat, oily fish, milk, and fortified cereals.

Fortified foods

Foods that have had vitamins or minerals added, such as fortified cereal and orange juice.

Osteoporosis

A condition characterized by porous bones leading to increased risk of fractures.

Silent thief

A term used to describe osteoporosis due to its slow progression without symptoms.

Bone mass deterioration

Loss of bone density and structural integrity associated with osteoporosis.

Common demographics affected by osteoporosis

Primarily affects women over the age of 50 and also men.

DEXA scan

A bone densitometry test that measures bone density in the spine, hips, and wrists.

T score

A measurement used in DEXA scans that indicates how much bone density deviates from the norm.

Osteopenia

A condition where bone density is lower than normal but not low enough to be classified as osteoporosis.

Vertebroplasty

A minimally invasive procedure to treat osteoporotic vertebral fractures.

Kyphoplasty

A surgical procedure to restore the lost height of a fractured vertebra in osteoporotic patients.

Bisphosphonates

Medications that inhibit bone resorption by osteoclasts and are used to treat osteoporosis.

Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM)

A class of drugs, like Evista, that mimics estrogen to help maintain bone density.

Calcium supplementation

The use of additional calcium to help maintain or improve bone density.

Paget's Disease

A chronic bone disorder characterized by excessive breakdown and rebuilding of bone.

Vascular fibrous connective tissue

Tissue that replaces normal bone marrow in Paget's disease, leading to weaker bones.

Bone density

The amount of mineral matter in bone tissue, used to assess the risk of fractures.

Osteoporotic vertebral fractures

Fractures occurring in the vertebrae due to weakness in bone structure from osteoporosis.

Calcium and Vitamin D importance

Essential nutrients for maintaining bone health and preventing disorders such as osteoporosis.

Bone biopsy

A test performed to rule out malignancy by examining bone tissue.

Chronic skeletal condition

Long-term disorders affecting the integrity and structure of bones.

Serum Alkaline Phosphatase

A lab test used to help diagnose bone diseases, including Paget's disease.

Inflammation

A body response that can contribute to pain and discomfort in conditions like Paget's disease.

Collaborative care for bone disorders

Involves the use of medications, nutrition, and lifestyle changes for treatment.

Firm mattress recommendations

Suggested for back support in patients with osteoporosis or Paget's disease.

Calcium-rich foods

Dairy products, leafy greens, and fortified foods are sources of calcium.

Weight-bearing exercises

Exercises like walking or running that help maintain bone density and strength.

Partial or total joint replacement

Surgical options for severe joint damage or fractures related to osteoporosis.

Decompression of the spine

A surgical procedure to relieve pressure on the spinal cord or nerves.

Protein's role in bone health

Essential for bone repair and maintenance, as well as overall muscle health.

Inadequate calcium intake

A risk factor for developing osteoporosis and other bone disorders.

Long-term effects of Paget's disease

Can lead to arthritis and deformities due to structural changes in bones.

Fatigue and waddling gait

Symptoms often observed in Paget's disease due to bone weakness.

Clinical symptoms of osteoporosis

Gradual loss of height, back pain, and increased risk of fractures.