unit 5 apes

tragedy of the commons

no limitations, greed, public resource, no government manage, degraded

to fix tragedy of the commons

limitation, fines, license

ecological footprint

consumption, electricity, waster

highest factors in ecological footprint

food production and electricity

green revolution

mechanization, more agriculture, synthetic fertilizer, gmos

gmos

overplants crops, monocropping, low biodiversity

pesticide

feed more ppl, leaves resistance species,

integrated pest management

bio control, natural predators

soil erosion methods

• intercropping

• crop rotation

• terracing

• no till

• dig trenches

• contour plowing

irrigation methods

• flooding

• drip

• furrow

• pray

methods least efficient to most

furrow→ flooding→ spray→ drip

percentage

final-original/ original

clear cutting

removing all trees → cheap but very damaging

selective cutting

remove somes trees → more sustainable

urban sprawl

spread out cities → more car use, habitat loss

bycatch

unintended species caught

surface mining

strip mining, open pit mining

subsurface mining

underground

environmental damage caused by slash-and-burn farming in tropical rain forests?

The soil loses fertility after a short period of time and will be ineffective for farming use.

solving tragedy of the commons

regulations, fines, fees or limiting on resource use

clearcutting effects

flooding, landslides, less permeable, body of water increase temp and turbidity.

green revolution benefits

• more food

• higher yeild

mechanization

increase yeilds, but also soil compaction

gmos

• beneficial traits

• no biodiversity

• deplete nutrients

synthetic fertilizer

• more food

• fossil fuel in order to produce

• run off nutrients → eutrophication

synthetic pesticides

• kill non target species

irrigation systems

• depletion of ground water, surface water

tilling

mechanical break up of soil

• erosion

• release of co2

slash and burn

• co2

• cutting all trees in area and burn

furrow irrigation

digging trenches and filling with water

least effective

BT crop

have own bacterial to remove pests

cafos

• highly efficient for meat production

• less meat protein

• manure lagoons