Studied by 12 peoplediagnosis
interventions
evaluation of outcomes from an established plan of care
knowledge base for nursing practice
promote health
prevent illness
restore health
facilitate coping with disability or death
Four broad aims of nursing practice
cognitive
technical
interpersonal
ethical/legal
Nurses uses 4 essential competencies
cognitively skilled
nurses think about the nature of things sufficiently to make sense of their world and to grasp conceptually what is necessary to achieve valued goals
technically skilled
nurses manipulate equipment skillfully to produce a desired outcome of result.
interpersonally skiled
nurses establish and maintain caring relationships that facilitate the achievement of valued goals while simultaneously affirming the worth of those on the relationship
ethically and legally skilled
nurses conduct themselves in a manner consistent with their personal moral code and professional roles and responsibilities
RA 9173: The Philippine Nursing Act of 1991
an act providing for a more responsive nursing professions
for the protection and improvement of the nursing profession by instituting measures that will result in relevant nursing education, human working conditions, better career prospects, and a dignified existence for our nurses
Code of Ethics for Nurses
established the ethical standard for the profession and provides a guide for nurses to use in ethical analysis and decision-making
Health
state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
Wellness
integrated method of functioning which is oriented toward maximizing the potential of which the individual is capable
requires that the individual maintain a continuum of balance and purposeful direction within the environment where he is functioning (Halbert Dunn)
Disease
alteration in body functions resulting in reduction of capacities or a shortening of the normal life span
Illness
state in which one’s needs are not sufficiently met to allow the individual to have a sense of physical and psychosocial well-being
Physical
Emotional
Intellectual
Environmental
Sociocultural
Spiritual
Factors affecting Health and Illness
Physical Dimension
genetic make-up, age, developmental level, race, sex, are all part of an individual’s physical dimension and strongly influences health status and health practices
Emotional Dimension
how the mind and body interact to affect body function and to respond to body conditions also influences health
long-term stress affects the body systems and anxiety affects health habits; conversely, calm acceptance and relaxation can actually change body responses to illness
Intellectual Dimension
encompasses cognitive abilities, educ background, and past experiences
influences a client’s response to teaching about health and reactions to health care during illness
also play a major role in health behaviors
Environmental Dimension
environment has many influences on health and illness
housing, sanitation, climate, pollution of air, food, and water are of environmental dimension
Sociocultural Dimension
health practices and beliefs are strongly influenced by a person’s economic level, lifestyle, family, and culture
the family and the culture to which the person belongs determine patterns of living and values about health and illness that are often unalterable
low-income groups
less likely to seek health care to prevent or treat illness
high-income groups
more prone to stress-related habits and illness
Spiritual Dimension
spiritual and religious beliefs and values are important components of the way the person behaves in health and illness
Models of Health
developed to help describe the concept and relationships involved in health and illness because definitions of health and wellness are not specific
Health-Illness Continuum Model
health is a constantly changing state, with high level wellness and death being on opposite ends of a graduated scale or continuum
High Level Wellness Model - Halbert Dunn (1961)
functioning to one’s maximum potential while maintaining balance and purposeful direction in the environment
can be applied to the individual, family, community, environment, and society
Being
Belonging
Becoming
Befitting
5 Aspects Processes that help the person know who and what he is
Being
recognizing self as separate and individual
Belonging
being part of a whole
Becoming
growing and developing
Befitting
making personal choices to befit the self for the future
Precursor of Illness
these are the factors which impinge on the individuals to lead towards the illness spectrum
heredity
behavioral factors
environmental factors
Precursor of Illness
Agent-Host-Environment Model
initially concentrated on community health but it is also appropriate when examining the cause in an individual (multiple causation of disease)
Agent
Host
Environment
Agent-Host-Environment Model 3 Variables
Agent
must be present/absent for an illness to occur
Host
living being capable of being infected/affected
Environment
everything external to the host
Agent-Host-Environment Model
more useful in predicting illness than in promoting wellness, although recognition of risk factors resulting from interaction of agent-host-environment is important in the promotion and maintenance of health
Health Belief Model
based on what people perceive/believe to be true about themselves
useful in teaching individuals health and illness
nurse can identify the client’s health and structure goals to realistically meet the clients needs
perceived susceptibility to a disease
perceived seriousness of the disease
perceived value of action
Health Belief Model components
perceived susceptibility to a disease
belief that he either will or will not contract a disease
perceived seriousness of the disease
seriousness of the disease, effect on lifestyle
perceived value of action
how effective the person believes preventive measures will be in preventing illness
HBM 2 Influencing Factors
conviction that carrying out a recommended action will prevent/modify the disease
the person’s perception of the cost and the unpleasant effects of performing a health behavior
Smith’s Model of Health Clinical Model
views people as physiologic system with related functions and identifies health as the absence of signs and symptoms of disease or injury
Role Performance Model
defines health in terms of individual’s ability to fulfill societal roles such as performing work
Adaptive Model
focuses on adaptation
views health as creative process; and disease as a failure in adaptation or mal-adaptation
model believe that the aim of treatment is to restore the ability of the person, that is to cope
Eudaemonistic Model
conceptualizes that health is a condition of actualization or realization of a person’s potential
model avers that the highest aspiration of people is fulfillment and complete development - actualization
Health Promotion Model
describes the multidimensional nature of persons as they interact within the environment to pursue health
health promotion is directed at increasing a client’s level of wellbeing
the health promotion model notes that each person has unique personal characteristics and experiences that affect subsequent actions
status, beliefs, practices
basic human needs
self-concept (a person’s mental image)
Factors affecting health and wellness
Note
Flashcard