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Olmec
First Mesoamerican civizilation in Mexico who created big statues and structures with faces/bodies
Maya
Ancient people who lived in a Mesoamerican civilization, who also developed large parts of astronomy and science
Mississippi Valley Trade Network
A trade network connecting American Midwest and the Golf of Mexico, different cultures spread through it as well
God, Gold, Glory
The three main reasons why people began to explore and look for new things in the New World
Columbian Exchange
The trade or exchange of goods, ideas, cattle, crops, and new resources between the Old World and the New World
Commercialization
Introducing a new product/method about trade into the market
Henry the Navigator
A prince from Portugual who widely explored and was big in the world's development to the West area of Africa
Compass
Helped sailors figure out direction/navigation
Astrolabe
Used to calculate the position of the Sun/tell time
Sternpost Rudders
A device used to steer a ship located at the back, or stern, of a ship; made sailing a lot easier
Charter Companies
Groups of private investors who paid an annual fee to France and England in exchange for a monopoly over trade to the West Indies colonies
British East India Company
A joint stock company that controlled most of global trade, between Europe and South Asia, one of the most powerful corporations in history
Virginia Company
An English trading company that established colonies in the New World and brought profit to some people who were shareholders, wanted to colonize East America
Dutch East India Company
One of the first trading companies in the world that focused on trade monopolies and helped Dutch in the war
Joint Stock Investors
Investors that own a joint stock company and allowed investors to pool their resources, making it easier to achieve bigger things
Encomiendas
A Spanish labor system that allowed Spanish people to demand labor or tribute from Native Americans
Haciendas
A large house or structure that normally contained factories or plantations; produced agricultural products for consumers in America
Indentured Servants
Colonists who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years
Peninsulares
Pure white people born in Spain who moved to live in New World Spanish colonies
Creole
People of Spanish descent born in Latin America during the Spanish colonial period
Mestizos
People of mixed Indian and European heritage, notably in Mexico
Triangular Trade
A three way system of trade where Africa sent slaves to America, America sent raw materials to Europe, and Europe sent resources to Africa
Colonialism
Attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its own political, economic, and cultural areas in another territory.
Middle Passage
A voyage that brought tightly packed together enslaved Africans and sent them across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies
Treaty of Casco Bay
the treaty that ended King Phillip's War, no copies of the treaty were made
King Philip's War
1675, Longest conflict between settlers and natives in order to stop English settlements on native land
Bartolome de Las Casas
A Spanish priest/activist who spoke out against slavery and the oppression of Ingenious people
Mercantilism
The belief that daughter colonies were only there to provide for the mother colony, used to increase their wealth and power by selling more goods than they bought
Common Land
Open meadows maintained by villages for public use like grazing or chopping wood
Exports/Imports
What items are transferred out to other places/countries, and what items come into your own country
Private Property
property owned by individuals or companies, not by the government, that is monitored by those individuals