Biology 1 Test 1 (Evan Kaplan MSSTATE)

A Cation:

A. is a positively charged ion that loses an electron

B.Is the product of an ionic bond

C.Is a positively charged ion that gains an electron

D.Gives away an electron

E. Two or more of the answers are correct

E-(ABD)

Which of the following is not a function of a protein?

A.storage

B.transport

C.structural support

D.regulation

E.All of the above are correct

E

Which of the following is not correct about denaturation of a protein

A.results from loss of a proteins 3D shape

B.pH and temperature are factors that cause it

C.affects primary structure by disrupting H bonds

D.affects protein functionality

C

What is part of the organismal level hierarchy of classification?

Tissue, Organ, Organism

Interactions of all living organisms with their nonliving or physical environment are defined as

ecosystem

What makes one element different from another element

The atomic number/the number of proteins

Do filled shells of electrons make atoms want to gain, share, or release electrons with other atoms

no, because there are no vacancies so it is stable

What is a bond formed by an electrical attraction between ions bearing opposite charges

Hydrogen bonds-type of ionic bond

Ionic Bond-Opposite Charges

Which of the following is correct about the element carbon

All macromolecules contain a carbon component. Organic Molecules contain carbon

What are the biological catalysts that speed up and regulate chemical reactions in the cell

Proteins and Enzymes...they speed up reactions by decreasing activation energy

What is an example of a polysaccharide

glycogen

what is a property of a phospholipid

it contains 2 fatty acid chains, a phosphate group, and a 3C molecule

What reaction synthesizes sucrose from the monosaccharides glucose and fructose

Dehydration

What is necessary for hydrolysis or dehydration reactions to occur

Water being added or lost

bonds to break or form

monomers or a polymer present

atp and enzymes

What determines polarity and basicity

the functional groups and the type of atoms its comprised of

What are nucleic acids responsible for

storage, expression, translation, and transmission of genetic information

(nucleic acids=genes)

What is the largest biological molecule

RNA

What is true about a hydrophobic molecule

It is non polar, it does not have an affinity for water, and some examples are oils, waxes, and fats

Hydrophilic molecules can have what type of bonds?

Polar or Ionic

What is an anion

A negatively charged ion that gains one electron

What type of bond holds the two opposing strands of DNA together and allows the coiling and folding of a protein

Hydrogen

What type of reactions must occur to break down a carbohydrate in its storage form of energy into its usable primary source of energy

Hydrolysis

starch is to plants as _____ is to animals/humans

glycogen

in a covalent bond, electrons will always flow toward the atom...

with a greater positive nucleus, a larger atom, the more electro negative atom

Can energy be used by the body in the transport form of energy

No

Are covalent bonds broken during denaturation of a protein

No, Hydrogen bonds are broken

What are substances that cannot be broken down into other substances my ordinary chemical or physical means

atoms

What protein structure results from the bending and folding od amino acids into a 3D structure

tertiary

what percent of cells are composed of water

95-70%

A cube of sugar is dropped in a cup of tea and dissolves. What is the solvent, what is the solute?

Tea is the solvent (any liquid)

Sugar is the solute (salts/sugars)

What is carbohydrates form of primary energy source

Monosaccharides (fructose glucose, ribose, deoxiribose)

What does a dehydration reaction do

Builds a larger molecule and produces water

The more acidic, the more _____

hydrogen

What portion of the phospholipid is non-polar

tails

is a triglyceride a monomer or polymer

polymer

What type of bond forms between two amino acids

Covalent and peptide (They link amino acids)

Which of the following macromolecules is the most complex?

A.Proteins

B.Nucleic Acids

C.Lipids

D. Carbohydrates

Proteins

If to atoms have a different atomic mass but the same atomic number, how are the two atoms related

they are isotopes

What is a triglyceride composed of

3 fatty acid tails and a glycerol

What all can pH affect

1. the shape and functions of molecules

2.the rate of chemical reactions

3. the ability of atoms to form molecules

4.the ability of ions or particles to dissolve in water

What is the secondary structure of a protein characterized by

begins to take on a pleated 3D structure due to H-bonding reactions

oils, fats, and lipids are...

non polar or polar

hydrophilic or hydrophobic

nonpolar, hydrophobic

what is the monomer form of a polypeptide

amino acid (peptide)

What does the cell theory consist of

1.all living organisms are composed of one or more cells

2.cells are the smallest units of life

3.New Cells come only from pre-existing cells by cell division

4.All cells are similar in chemical composition

Most of the chemical reactions of life occur within the cell

5.complete sets of genetic information are replicated and passes on during cell division

We know characteristics of the cell theory bc scientists used ______________________.

the scientific method

What are the components of the scientific method

Observation

Question

Hypothesis

Prediction

Test the predictions by experimentation

Data/Results (theory)

thoughtful recognition of an even or fact that leads to a question

obseration

an educated guess

hypothesis

a recreation of an occurrence to test whether or not the hypothesis can be supported

exeriment

Experiments must be _______

controlled

What are factors that may influence the outcome of your experimentation

variables

What must be independently repeatable

Experiments

What does a hypothesis thats supported by experiments lead to

a theory

an accepted explanation of important natural phenomena that is supported through extensive and reproducible experimentation and evidence

theory

Cytologist

study cells

botanist

study plants

microbiologist

studies small things

Structure determines _________________.

function

What is biology

the study of life and living things

What makes something alive

capacity for metabolism, growth, and reaction to stimuli or reproduction

What are the eight principles of living organisms

Reproduction, Cells, Genetic Material, Evolution/Adaptation, Metabolism, Homeostasis, Response to Stimuli, Growth/Development