Management Post Midterm 2

What are the 7 people-centered practices? (Pfeffer)

1. Protection of job security
2. Rigorous hiring process
3. Employee empowerment
4. Compensation linked to performance
5. Comprehensive training
6. Reduction of status differences
7. Sharing of key information

What kind of people-centered practice is this?:
If you want to work here for life, this is the place

Protection of job security

What kind of people-centered practice is this?:
Very careful about who you hire in the first place

Rigorous hiring practice

What kind of people-centered practice is this?:
Empower employees to do their job

Employee empowerment

What kind of people-centered practice is this?:
You pay employees well. If the company does well, you get paid more

Compensation linked to performance

What kind of people-centered practice is this?:
Train on skills for job and give them knowledge on employee culture, etc

Comprehensive training

What kind of people-centered practice is this?:
People matter more when there is not differences between top and bottom

Reduction of status differences

What kind of people-centered practice is this?:
Share information that is non-public to employees, this signifies trust

Sharing of key information

What is the center of the general model of HR management?

Desired performance

What are the 3 key points about the general model of HR management?

1. At the center focus, is getting desired performance out of employees
2. What happens on the left is how you get people into the company and on the right is what you do once they are in
3. Every part of this system is interconnected. "Decisions in one area affect decisions in another"

True or False: Before you recruit people for a job, you need to define what the job is

True

True or False: Work-centered = Job Description

True

True or False: Worker-centered = Job Specifications

True

True or False: For recruitment, you want to get a large number of qualified and diverse individuals to apply

True

Internal or External Recruiting?
Employees who already work for you

Internal

Internal or External Recruiting?
Employees who do not already work for you

External

What are the 3 advantages to internal recruiting?

1. Faster to find/contact
2. Onboarding and less training
3. When economy is shrinking, companies spend more time here

What are the 2 advantages to external recruiting?

1. Helps bring in people with new ideas and challenge company perspective
2. When economy is growing, companies spend more time here

What was the #1 way people searched for a job?

Company website

What is the #1 way people actually got the job?

Referral/Existing employee

What are 4 recruiting tips?

1. Use social networks of existing employees and friends
2. Use personal contact
3. Target people who are qualified
4. Carefully proofread ads

Preplanned set of questions to every candidate in the same order for which you have preplanned rating system for quality of their answers

Structured Interview

True or False: You would be better at doing no interview at all than an unstructured interview

True

Guided experience to change employee behavior and or attitudes. Only one way to help people learn

Training

What are the 4 main ideas behind development?

1. Education
2. Assessment and feedback
3. Work experiences
4. Relationships

What type of main idea of development is this?
Encourage you to go back to school to get more education

Education

What type of main idea of development is this?
Pay to get feedback and assessment

Assessment and feedback

What type of main idea of development is this?
Give people challenging job assignments

Work experiences

What type of main idea of development is this?
Development through formal mentors and informal relationships

Relationships

What are the 6 good training programs?

1. Clarify objectives, use them to select methods
2. Maximize similarity between the training and job
3. Convey general principles
4. Provide variety of examples
5. Provide practice and feedback
6. Use questions to guide attention and encourage active thought

True or False: Never ask yes/no questions or questions with obvious answers

True

What are the 4 words that describe managers as teachers?

1. TELL
2. SHOW
3. WATCH
4. ENCOURAGE

What type of managers as teachers word is this?:
Explain basic concepts

TELL

What type of managers as teachers word is this?:
Demonstrate performance

SHOW

What type of managers as teachers word is this?:
Solicit practice

WATCH

What type of managers as teachers word is this?:
Provide constructive feedback

ENCOURAGE

Evaluating employee performance relative to standards

Appraisal

What are the 2 types of appraisals?

1. Objective measures
2. Subjective ratings

Between objective measures and subjective ratings, which is better?

Objective measures

What are the 2 types of ratings under subjective ratings?

1. Graphic rating scale
2. BOS, BARS

Is the graphic rating scale worse or better than BOS and BARS?

Worse

Investigate job discrimination based on color, race, religion, sex, disability

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

What is an example of an act under the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission?

Equal Pay Act of 1963

Permits sex, age, religion to be used when making employment decisions, but only if "reasonably necessary to normal operation of that particular business." Strictly monitored by EEOC

Bona Fide Occupational Qualification (BFOQ)

What are the 3 guidelines for effective interviews?

1. Planning
2. Conducting
3. After

What are the main points of the planning guideline of interviews?

-Identify + define knowledge, skills, abilities needed for successful job performance
-Develop behavior questions

What are the main points of the conducting guideline of interviews?

-Create relaxed, non stressful interview environment
-Review applicants form, resume
-Don't jump into heavy questioning

What are the main points of the after guideline of interviews?

-Review notes
-Evaluate applicant

What are the 4 points of training objectives + methods?

1. Impart Info + Knowledge
2. Develop Analytical + Problem-Solving Skills
3. Practice, Learn, or Change Job Behaviors
4. Impart Info and Knowledge, Develop Analytical Problems, Practice, Learn, Change

What training objective is this?:
Films, lectures, planned readings

Impart Info + Knowledge

What training objective is this?:
Case studies, coaching, group discussions

Develop Analytical + Problem Solving Skills

What training objective is this?:
Role Playing, Simulations, Vestibule Training

Practice, Learn, or Change Job Behaviors

What training objective is this?:
Computer-Based Learning

Impart Info and Knowledge, Develop Analytical and Problem Solving Skills, and Practice, Learn, and Change

What are the main points when terminating employees?

-Firing should not be the 1st option
-Employees should be given a chance to change their behavior
-After being notified, employees should be given ample time to change behavior

Function vs Dysfunctional Turnover:
Loss of poor-performing employees who voluntarily choose to leave company

Functional

Function vs Dysfunctional Turnover:
Loss of high-performing employees who voluntarily choose to leave company

Dysfunctional

Set of forces that initiates, directs, and make people persist in their efforts to pursue a goal

Motivation

Performance Equation

Performance=Ability X Motivation

Ability= "____" do

can

Motiviation= "_____" do

will

What is similarity between all of the theories?

Relatedness (social relationships and growth + achievement)

What are the differences between all of the theories?

-Alderfer talks about existence and McClellan discuses influencer power
-Alderfer says only 2 motivate you and McClellan says they all motivate you

What are the 3 fundamental needs in Alderfer's ERG Theory?

1. Existence
2. Relatedness
3. Growth

Which fundamental need from Aldeferer's ERG Theory is this?:
You have a need to exists (water, shelter, etc). The basics to keep you alive

Existence

Which fundamental need from Aldeferer's ERG Theory is this?:
You need to have social connection and satisfy social relationships

Relatedness

Which fundamental need from Aldeferer's ERG Theory is this?:
Need to gain knowledge, skills, and confidence to find potential we are born with

Growth

True or False: Existence and Relatedness are less motivating as they are met, Growth is more motivating

True

What are the 3 needs people are motived by in McClelland's Needs Theory?

1. Affiliation
2. Achievement
3. Power

What motivation is this in McClelland's Needs Theory?:
Desire to have social relationships and love

Affiliation

What motivation is this in McClelland's Needs Theory?:
Desire to achieve new skills and master new tasks

Achievement

What motivation is this in McClelland's Needs Theory?:
Desire to teach, guide, influence, and persuade others

Power

What does McClellad say that motivates people?

-Varies from person to person
-You are not born with needs, but you learn them growing up and from upbringing

What are the 5 job characteristics?

1. Skill variety
2. Test identity
3. Task significance
4. Autonomy
5. Feedback

What psychological state does skill variety, test identity, and task significance correlate too?

Experienced Meaningfulness of Work

What psychological state does autonomy correlate too?

Experienced Responsibility of Work Outcomes

What psychological state does feedback correlate too?

Knowledge of Work Results

What are the outcomes of all job characteristics?

-High motivation
-High performance
-High satisfaction

Autonomy--->

Control + Destiny

What are the main points about goal setting?

-Goals are difficult and specific
-Person is committed to pursuit
-Person has confidence in attainment
-Feedback is provided
-Task is fairly well learned

Equity Theory Equation:

Your Outcomes/Your Inputs = Other's Outcomes/Other's Inputs

Under-reward Inequity Equation

Your Outcomes/Your Inputs < Other's Outcomes/Other's Inputs

Over-reward Inequity Equation

Your Outcomes/Your Inputs > Other's Outcomes/Other's Inputs

What are the 3 perceptions of fairness in the Fairness Theory?

1. Distributive (this is equity theory)
2. Procedural
3. Interactive

What is the relevance of managers for fairness theory?

-Efforts to be fair multi-faceted
-Being perceived as fair helps avoid serious problems at work

What are the 5 needs people are motived by in Maslow's Theory?

1. Physiological
2. Safety
3. Belongingness
4. Esteem
5. Self-Actualization

Which Maslow's Theory is this?:
Food + Water

Physiological

Which Maslow's Theory is this?:
Physical + Economic

Safety

Which Maslow's Theory is this?:
Friendship + Love

Belongingness

Which Maslow's Theory is this?:
Achievement + Recognition

Esteem

Which Maslow's Theory is this?:
Realizing your full potential

Self-Actualization

True or False: Needs are arranged from low (physiological) to high (self-actualization)

True

True or False: People are motived by their lowest unsatisfied need

True

Which Theory is this?
Behavior is a function of its consequences, that behaviors followed by positive consequences will occur more frequently, and that behaviors followed by negative consequences will occur less frequently

Reinforcement Theory

Which Theory is this?
People will be motivated to extent to which they believe that their efforts will lead to good performance, that good performance will be rewarded, and that they will be offered attractive rewards

Expectancy Theory

What are the 3 components to Expectancy Theory?

1. Valence
2. Expectancy
3. Instrumentality

Which component of Expectancy Theory is this?:
Attractiveness or desirability of a reward or outcome

Valence

Which component of Expectancy Theory is this?:
Perceived relationship between effort + performance

Expectancy

Which component of Expectancy Theory is this?:
Perceived relationship between performance and rewards

Instrumentality

True or False:
Motivation= Valence x Expectancy x Instrumentality

True

What is motivating with basics relevance to managers?

1. Ask people what their needs are
2. Satisfy lower-order needs first
3. Expect people's needs to change
4. As needs change and lower-order needs are satisfied, create opportunities for employees to satisfy higher-order needs