Kaarten: FBIM - Definitions | Quizlet

Input

___ captures or collects raw data from within the organization or from its external environment.

real-time

In the past decade, information systems and technologies have made it possible for managers to use ___ data from the marketplace when making decisions.

information technology

Businesses are using ___ to sense and respond to rapidly changing customer demand, reduce inventories to the lowest possible levels, and achieve higher levels of operational efficiency.

digital firm

A ___ is one in which nearly all of the organisations significant business relationships with customers, suppliers, and employees are digitally enabled and mediated. Core business processes are accomplished through digital networks spanning the entire organization or linking multiple organizations.

people

Computer hardware and software, data management technology, networking and telecommunications technology, and the world wide web, along with the ___ required to run and manage them, represent resources that can be shared throughout the organization and constitute the firm's information technology infrastructure.

Systems analyst

A ___ constitutes the principal liaisons between the information systems groups and the rest of the organization. It is the ...'s job to translate business problems and requirements into information requirements and systems.

Crowdsourcing

___ harnesses collective knowledge to generate new ideas and solutions.

Management Information Systems

___: Among Business Intelligence systems, ___ summarize and report on the company's basic operations using data supplied by transaction processing systems. ___ typically provide answers to routine questions that have been specified in advance and have a predefined procedure for answering them.

Command and control

___ firms required lower-level employees to carry out orders without asking too many questions, with no responsibility to improve processes, and with no rewards for teamwork or team performance.

flow

Information technology can actually change the ___ of information, making it possible for many more people to access and share information, replacing sequential steps with tasks that can be performed simultaneously, and eliminating delays in decision making.

Social business

___ is the use of social networking platforms, including Facebook, Twitter, and internal corporate social tools to engage their employees, customers, and suppliers.

Chief Knowledge Officer (CKO)

The ___ is responsible for the firm's knowledge management program.

supply chain management

Firms use ___ systems to help manage relationships with their suppliers. These systems help suppliers, purchasing firms, distributors, and logistics companies share information about orders, production, inventory levels, and delivery of products and services so they can source, produce, and deliver goods and services efficiently. The ultimate objective is to get the right amount of their products from their source to their point of consumption in the least amount of time and at the lowest cost. These systems increase firm profitability by lowering the costs of moving and making products and by enabling managers to make better decisions about how to organize and schedule sourcing, production, and distribution.

Information systems managers

___ are leaders of teams of programmers and analysts, project managers, physical facility managers, telecommunications managers, or database specialists. They are also managers of computer operations and data entry staff. Also, external specialists, such as hardware vendors and manufacturers, software firms, and consultants, frequently participate in the day-to-day operations and long-term planning of information systems.

competitive

To a large extent, the performance of a business firm depends on how well its business processes are designed and coordinated. A company's business processes can be a source of ___ strength if they enable the company to innovate or to execute better than its rivals.

Chief Security Officer (CSO)

The ___ is in charge of information systems security for the firm and is responsible for enforcing the firm's information security policy.

enterprise resource planning

Enterprise Systems Firms use enterprise systems, also known as ___ systems, to integrate business processes in manufacturing and production, finance and accounting, sales and marketing, and human resources into a single software system. Information that was previously fragmented in many different systems is stored in a single comprehensive data repository where it can be used by many different parts of the business.

pods

Even in factories, workers today often work in production groups, or ___.

knowledge

Mentoring, wikis, blogs, and videos are all part of the overall ___ management process.

governance

IT ___ includes the strategy and policies for using information technology within an organization. It specifies the decision rights and framework for accountability to ensure that the use of information technology supports the organization's strategies and objectives. How much should the information systems function be centralized? What decisions must be made to ensure effective management and use of information technology, including the return on IT investments? Who should make these decisions? How will these decisions be made and monitored? Firms with superior IT governance will have clearly thought out the answers.

End users

___ are representatives of departments outside of the information systems group for whom applications are developed. These users are playing an increasingly large role in the design and development of information systems.

liabilities

Business processes can be ___ if they are based on inefficient ways of working that impede organizational responsiveness and efficiency.

enterprise

There are four major ___ applications: enterprise systems, supply chain management systems, customer relationship management systems, and knowledge management systems. Each of these enterprise applications integrates a related set of functions and business processes to enhance the performance of the organization as a whole.

E-government

___ refers to the application of the Internet and networking technologies to digitally enable government and public sector agencies' relationships with citizens, businesses, and other arms of government.

intelligence

Business ___ is a contemporary term for data and software tools for organizing, analyzing, and providing access to data to help managers and other enterprise users make more informed decisions.

owns, controls, access, update, decisions

Technological change requires changes in who ___ and ___ information, who has the right to ___ and ___ that information, and who makes ___ about whom, when, and how.

resistance

Any technological change that threatens commonly held cultural assumptions usually meets a great deal of ___.

best practices

Industry ___ are usually identified by consulting companies, re-search organizations, government agencies, and industry associations as the most successful solutions or problemsolving methods for consistently and effectively achieving a business objective.

primary

In Porter's business value chain model, ___ activities are most directly related to the production and distribution of the firm's products and services, which create value for the customer. Primary activities include inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, sales and marketing, and service.

platforms

Business ecosystems typically have one or only a few keystone firms that dominate the ecosystem and create the ___ used by other niche firms. For instance, both Microsoft and Facebook provide ___ composed of information systems, technologies, and services that thousands of other firms in different industries use to enhance their own capabilities (Van Alstyne et. al, 2016).

culture

Organizational ___ encompasses this set of assumptions about what products the organization should produce, how it should produce them, where, and for whom.

scanning

Information systems are key instruments for environmental ___, helping managers identify external changes that might require an organizational response.

environments

Organizations reside in ___ from which they draw resources and to which they supply goods and services.

Product Differentiation

Companies that apply the ___ strategy, use information systems to enable new products and services or greatly change the customer convenience in using your existing products and services. Big Tech firms like Google, Facebook, Amazon, Apple, and others are pouring billions of dollars into research and deployment of new services, and enhancements to their most valuable services and products in order to differentiate them from potential competitors.

synergies

The idea of ___ is that when the output of some units can be used as inputs to other units or two organizations pool markets and expertise, these relationships lower costs and generate profits. For example, when large national banks acquire mortgage originating firms they are able to tap into a large pool of new customers who might be interested in its credit card, consumer banking, and other financial products.

agency

Information technology also can reduce internal management costs. According to ___ theory, the firm is viewed as a "nexus of contracts" among self-interested individuals rather than as a unified, profit-maximizing entity (Jensen and Meckling, 1976).

rights

Building new information systems, or rebuilding old ones, involves much more than a technical rearrangement of machines or workers—that some information systems change the organizational balance of ___, privileges, obligations, responsibilities, and feelings that have been established over a long period of time.

goals

The research on IT and business performance has found that (a) the more successfully a firm can align information technology with its business ___, the more profitable it will be, and (b) only one-quarter of firms achieve alignment of IT with the business. About half of a business firm's profits can be explained by alignment of IT with business (Luftman, 2003)

mutuality

Fair Information Practices principles are based on the notion of a ___ of interest between the record holder and the individual.

safe harbor

The European Commission and the U.S. Department of Commerce developed a ___ framework for U.S. firms. A ___ is a private, self-regulating policy and enforcement mechanism that meets the objectives of government regulators and legislation but does not involve government regulation or enforcement. U.S. businesses would be allowed to use personal data from EU countries if the firms developed privacy protection policies that met EU standards. Enforcement would occur in the United States by using self-policing, regulation, and government enforcement of fair trade statutes.

utilitarian

Take the action that achieves the higher or greater value (___ principle). This rule assumes you can prioritize values in a rank order and understand the consequences of various courses of action.

informed

According to the European Commission's Data Protection Directive, customers must provide their ___ consent before any company can legally use data about them, and they have the right to access that information, correct it, and request that no further data be collected.

Unix (1969-1975)

___: A powerful multitasking, multiuser, portable operating system initially developed at Bell Labs (1969) and later released for use by others (1975). It operates on a wide variety of computers from different manufacturers. Adopted by Sun, IBM, HP, and others in the 1980s, it became the most widely used enterprise-level operating system

IBM/Microsoft/Intel Personal Computer (1981)

___: The standard Wintel design for personal desktop computing based on standard Intel processors and other standard devices, Microsoft DOS, and later Windows software. The emergence of this standard, low-cost product laid the foundation for a 25-year period of explosive growth in computing throughout all organizations around the globe. Today, more than 1 billion PCs power business and government activities every day

cleansing

Data ___ consists of activities for detecting and correcting data in a database that are incorrect, incomplete, improperly formatted, or redundant. It not only corrects errors but also enforces consistency among different sets of data that originated in separate information systems.

redundancy

The database management system (DBMS) can help control data ___ (but not eliminate it).

policy

An information ___ specifies the organization's rules for sharing, disseminating, acquiring, standardizing, classifying, and inventorying information. It lays out specific procedures and accountabilities, identifying which users and organizational units can share information, where information can be distributed, and who is responsible for updating and maintaining the information.

Classification

___: Recognizes patterns that describe the group to which an item belongs by examining existing items that have been classified and by inferring a set of rules. For example, businesses such as credit card or telephone companies worry about the loss of steady customers.

definition

Database management systems (DBMS) have a data ___ capability to specify the structure of the content of the database. It would be used to create database tables and to define the characteristics of the fields in each table. This information about the database would be documented in a data dictionary.

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

___: Transferring files from computer to computer.

Internet layer

___: It is responsible for addressing, routing, and packaging data packets called IP datagrams. The Internet Protocol is one of the protocols used in this layer.

Metropolitan area network (MAN)

___: A city or metropolitan area.

Business continuity planning

___ focuses on how the company can restore business operations after a disaster strikes. It identifies critical business processes and determines action plans for handling mission-critical functions if systems go down.

data-driven

To increase revenue, Leicester City embraced the ___ and statistical approach to the whole business of football across the full range of activities, including ticketing, merchandising, and communication of its football matches via websites and mobile apps.

business models

Changes in technology and new innovative ___ have transformed social life and business practices.

Information technology

___ consists of all the hardware and software that a firm needs to use in order to achieve its business objectives.

business model

A ___ describes now a company produces, delivers, and sells a product or service to create wealth.

Data

___ are streams of raw facts representing events occurring in organizations or the physical environment before they have been organized and arranged into a form that people can understand and use.

offshore

The challenge for your business is to avoid markets for goods and services that can be produced ___ much less expensive.

Senior

___ management makes long-range strategic decisions about products and services as well as ensures financial performance of the firm.

information

Premier League football is also a business in which what matters above all is winning, and any way of using ___ to improve player performance is a competitive edge.

Production

___ workers actually produce the product and deliver the service.

Computer software

___ consists of the detailed, preprogrammed instructions that control and coordinate the computer hardware components in an information system.

information system

An ___ can be defined technically as a set of interrelated components that collect (or retrieve), process, store, and distribute information to support decision making and control in an organization.

outsourced

The challenge for you as a business student is to develop high-level skills through education and on-the-job experience that cannot be ___.

Output

___ transfers the processed information to the people who will use it or to the activities for which it will be used.

behavior

Information technology investments alone cannot make organizations and managers more effective unless they are accompanied by supportive values, structures, and ___ patterns in the organization and other complementary assets.

culture

Each organization has a unique ___, or fundamental set of assumptions, values and ways of doing things, that has been accepted by most of its members.

Internet

A growing trickle of viewers are unplugging from cable and using only the ___ for entertainment.

Time shifting

"___ refers to business being conducted continuously, 24/7 rather than the narrow ""work day"" time bands fo 9AM to 5 PM."

extranets

Private intranets extended to authorized users outside the organization are called ___, and firms use such networks to coordinate their activities with other firms for making purchases, collaborating on design, and other interorganizational work.

intimacy

"Business firms invest heavily in information systems to achieve six strategic business objectives: operational excellence; new products, services, and business models; customer and supplier ___; improved decision making; competitive advantage; and survival. "

wiki

A ___ is a type of website that makes it easy for users to contribute and edit text content and graphics without any knowledge of web page development or programming techniques. The most well-known ___ is Wikipedia, the largest collaboratively edited reference project in the world.

Chief Privacy Officer

The ___ is responsible for ensuring that the company complies with existing data privacy laws.

Programmers

___ are highly trained technical specialists who write the software instructions for computers.

Decision-support systems

___: Among Business Intelligence Systems, ___ focus on problems that are unique and rapidly changing, for which the procedure for arriving at a solution may not be fully predefined in advance. Although ___ use internal information from transaction-processing systems and management information systems, they often bring in information from external sources, such as current stock prices or product prices of competitors.

functions

A typical business organization has systems supporting processes for each of the major business ___ — sales and marketing, manufacturing and production, finance and accounting, and human resources.

Customer-Relationship-Management

"___: Firms use ___ systems to help manage their relationships with their customers. ___ systems provide information to coordinate all of the business processes that deal with customers in sales, marketing, and service to optimize revenue, customer satisfaction, and customer retention. This information helps firms identify, attract, and retain the most profitable customers; provide better service to existing customers; and increase sales."

Knowledge management systems

Some firms perform better than others because they have better knowledge about how to create, produce, and deliver products and services. This firm knowledge is unique, is difficult to imitate, and can be leveraged into long-term strategic benefits. ___ enable organizations to better manage processes for capturing and applying knowledge and expertise. These systems collect all relevant knowledge and experience in the firm and make it available wherever and whenever it is needed to improve business processes and management decisions. They also link the firm to external sources of knowledge.

transaction processing

A ___ system is a computerized system that performs and records the daily routine transactions necessary to conduct business, such as sales order entry, hotel reservations, payroll, employee record keeping, and shipping.

Yammer

Microsoft ___ is an enterprise social networking platform for internal business uses, although it can also create external networks linking to suppliers, customers, and others outside the organization. ___ enables employees to create groups to collaborate on projects and share and edit documents, and includes a news feed to find out what's happening within the company. A People Directory provides a searchable database of contact information, skills, and expertise.

Electronic commerce

___ is the part of e-business that deals with the buying and selling of goods and services over the Internet. It also encompasses activities supporting those market transactions, such as advertising, marketing, customer support, security, delivery, and payment.

Chief Information Officer (CIO)

The ___ is a senior manager who oversees the use of information technology in the firm.

Electronic business

___ refers to the use of digital technology and the Internet to execute the major business processes in the enterprise. ___ includes activities for the internal management of the firm and for coordination with suppliers and other business partners. It also includes electronic commerce, or e-commerce.

Executive support systems

Among Business Intelligence Systems, ___ help senior management make these decisions. They address non-routine decisions requiring judgment, evaluation, and insight because there is no agreed-on procedure for arriving at a solution.

dashboard

A digital ___ displays on a single screen graphs and charts of key performance indicators for managing a company.

mass customization

The ability to offer individually tailored products or services using the same production resources as mass production is called ___.

fast followers

The MITS Altair 8800 is widely regarded as the first PC, but its inventors did not take advantage of their first mover status. Second movers, so-called "___," such as IBM and Microsoft, reaped the re-wards.

span of control

Advances in information technology have broadened the management ___, enabling high-level managers to manage and control more workers spread over greater distances.

organization's structure, business processes, politics, culture, surrounding environment, management decisions

The interaction between information technology and organizations is complex and is influenced by many mediating factors, including the ___, ___, ___, ___, ___, and ___.

competitive advantage

Firms that "do better" than others are said to have a ___ over others: They either have access to special resources that others do not, or they are able to use commonly available resources more efficiently—usually because of superior knowledge and information assets.

transaction

Traditionally, firms have tried to reduce ___ costs through vertical integration, by getting bigger, hiring more employees, and buying their own suppliers and distributors, as both General Motors and Ford used to do.

core competency

A ___ is an activity for which a firm is a world-class leader.

low-cost leadership

Organizations that apply the ___ strategy use information systems to achieve the lowest operational costs and the lowest prices.

adhocracy

An ___ is a task force organization that must respond to rapidly changing environments. Consists of large groups of specialists organized into short-lived multidisciplinary teams and has weak central management. For example, Consulting firms, such as BCG.

spam

Originally, ___ was junk email an organization or individual sent to a mass audience of Internet users who had expressed no interest in the product or service being marketed.

Kant

If an action is not right for everyone to take, it is not right for anyone (Immanuel ___'s categorical imperative). Ask yourself, "If everyone did this, could the organization, or society, survive?"

iOS and Android

___ are the most popular operating systems for mobile devices.

consumerization of IT

BYOD (bring your own device) is one aspect of the ___, in which new information technology that first emerges in the consumer market spreads into business organizations.

Scalability

___ refers to the ability of a computer, product, or system to expand to serve a large number of users without breaking down.