Social psyc ch13

Aggression

Behavior intended to harm another, either physically or psychologically.

General Aggression Model

A broad approach to understanding the causes of aggression through situational, construal, and biological/cultural factors.

Hostile Aggression

Behavior intended to harm another, motivated by feelings of anger and hostility.

Instrumental Aggression

Behavior intended to harm another in the service of motives other than pure hostility.

Heat and Aggression

Higher temperatures are related to higher rates of aggression, with more violent crimes occurring in summer months.

Media Violence

Evidence suggests that exposure to media violence may increase aggressive behaviors.

Violent Video Games

Playing violent video games can increase aggressive behavior and reduce prosocial behavior.

Culture of Honor

A culture defined by strong concerns about reputations, leading to sensitivity to insults and willingness to use violence.

Rape-prone Culture

A culture where rape is used as an act of war or threat to keep women subservient.

Precarious Manhood Hypothesis

The idea that a man’s gender identity is easily lost in competition, triggering aggressive behavior.

Restorative Justice

A process where perpetrators take responsibility and apologize for their harm, allowing for grievances to be expressed.

Social Rejection

Chronic sense of rejection can increase likelihood of aggression in romantic relationships.

Misperception and Polarization

Misperceptions can lead groups to see conflicts as polarized, fueling social conflict.

Dehumanization

The attribution of nonhuman characteristics to others, making it easier to harm them.

Income Inequality

Moderately high levels of economic inequality in the United States can be linked to increased violence.

Gender Differences in Aggression

Males are more likely to engage in physical aggression, while females may show more relational aggression.

Distancing From Anger

Modifying feelings of anger by viewing conflicts from a distance.

Aggression and Weapons

The presence of a weapon can increase the likelihood of aggressive acts.

Evolutionary Perspective on Aggression

Aggression is viewed through the lens of natural selection and reproductive success.

What is aggression?

Behavior intended to harm another, either physically or psychologically.

What does the General Aggression Model encompass?

It encompasses the understanding of aggression through situational, construal, and biological/cultural factors.

What characterizes hostile aggression?

Behavior motivated by feelings of anger and hostility aimed at harming another.

Define instrumental aggression.

Behavior intended to harm another in pursuit of motives other than pure hostility.

How does heat influence aggression?

Higher temperatures correlate with increased rates of aggression and violent crimes.

What impact does media violence have on behavior?

Exposure to media violence may lead to increased aggressive behaviors.

What effect do violent video games have?

Playing them can increase aggressive behavior and decrease prosocial behavior.

What is a culture of honor?

A culture emphasizing reputation, making individuals sensitive to insults and violence.

What defines a rape-prone culture?

A culture where rape is utilized as an act of war or to maintain women's subservience.

What is the precarious manhood hypothesis?

It suggests a man’s gender identity is easily threatened in competition, often triggering aggression.

What is the essence of restorative justice?

Perpetrators take responsibility and apologize, allowing grievances to be aired.

How does social rejection relate to aggression?

Chronic perceptions of rejection can increase aggression likelihood in romantic relationships.

What role do misperceptions play in social conflict?

They lead groups to see conflicts as polarized, exacerbating social discord.

What is dehumanization?

Attributing nonhuman characteristics to others, which facilitates harm towards them.

How does income inequality relate to violence?

Moderately high economic inequality in the U.S. is linked to increased violence.

What are gender differences in aggression?

Males often show physical aggression, while females may engage in more relational aggression.

What is distancing from anger?

It involves modifying anger by viewing conflicts from a more objective perspective.

What effect does the presence of weapons have on aggression?

Weapons can increase the likelihood of aggressive actions.

How is aggression viewed from an evolutionary perspective?

It is seen as a trait optimized by natural selection and reproductive success.

What is the connection between culture and aggression?

Different cultures have varying norms regarding aggression and conflict resolution.

Why is understanding aggression important?

It aids in developing strategies for conflict resolution and reducing violence in society.