Neck Fascia/Spaces/Triangles (Week 1)

Atlas (C1)

Axis (C2)

Hyoid bone (C3)

Larynx (C4-C6)

Neck

General region between mandible and clavicles

Tenses skin of neck

Platysma Muscle Action - (1)

CN VII (7)

Platysma Muscle Innervation - (1)

Mastoid process, manubrium, medial clavicle

Sternocleidomastoid Attachments - (3)

CN XI (11)

Sternocleidomastoid Innervation - (1)

Lateral flexion, rotation

Sternocleidomastoid Actions - (2)

Congenital muscular torticollis (Wry Neck)

Permanent contraction of the sternocleidomastoid

Vagus nerve, ansa cervicalis, common carotid artery, internal jugular vein

Carotid sheath contents - (4)

Infrahyoid, suprahyoid

Muscle groups bordering anterior triangle - (2)

Omohyoid, sternohyoid, thyrohyoid, sternothyroid

Muscles of infrahyoid group - (4)

C1 fibers

Thyrohyoid innervation - (1)

Depresses hyoid after swallowing

Omohyoid and sternohyoid action - (1)

Depresses thyroid after swallowing

Sternothyroid action - (1)

Elevates thyroid cartilage

Thyrohyoid action - (1)

Ansa cervicalis

Innervations of omohyoid / sternohyoid / sternothyroid - (1)

Stylohyoid, mylohyoid, digastric, geniohyoid, hyoglossus

Muscles of suprahyoid group - (5)

Elevate hyoid during swallowing

Stylohyoid and digastric action - (1)

Protrudes hyoid during swallowing

Mylohyoid action - (1)

CN VII (7)

Stylohyoid Innervation - (1)

Mandible

Attachment of Mylohyoid - (1)

CN V3

Mylohyoid Innervation - (1)

Mandible, CN V3, temporal bone, CN VII

Anterior belly of digastric muscle

• Attachment - __

• Innervation - __ __

Posterior belly of digastric muscle

• Attachment - __ __

• Innervation - __ __

Protrudes hyoid during swallowing

Geniohyoid action - (1)

Mandible

Geniohyoid attachment - (1)

C1

Geniohyoid Innervation - (1)

Depresses the tongue

Hyoglossus action - (1)

Sides of the tongue

Hyoglossus attachment - (1)

CN XII (12)

Hyoglossus innervation - (1)

Thyroid

Glandular tissue anterior to the trachea

Larynx

Cartilaginous structures involved in breathing and sound production

Pharynx

Muscular tube posterior to larynx and trachea involved in air intake, food intake and swallowing

Trachea, esophagus

The larynx is continuous with the __ whereas the pharynx is continuous with the __

Follicular cells

Thyroglobulin, T3 and T4 secretion (from thyroid)

Parafollicular cells

Calcitonin secretion (from thyroid)

Lumen

Storage for thyroglobulin (from thyroid)

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Raises serum calcium levels via increase in bone resorption (hormone)

Vocalis, thyroarytenoid, lateral cricoarytenoid, arytenoid, cricothyroid, posterior cricoarytenoid

Laryngeal muscles - (6)

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

Laryngeal muscles innervation - (1)

External branch of superior laryngeal nerve

Cricothyroid muscle innervation - (1)

Action of vocalis and thyroarytenoid

Pulls anteriorly on arytenoid cartilages to decrease tension on vocal cords…

(action of 2)

Action of lateral cricoarytenoid and arytenoid

Pulls on arytenoid cartilage to close glottis…

(action of 2)

Action of cricothyroid

Pulls thyroid cartilage anteriorly to tense the vocal cords…

(action of 1)

Action of posterior cricoarytenoid

Pulls on posterior edge of arytenoid cartilage to open glottis

Abducted, adducted

Vocal cords (adducted or abducted?)

Thicken, lower

In trans men, exogenous testosterone can __ (thin/thicken) vocal cords and thus __ vocal pitch

Superior, middle, and inferior

Pharyngeal constrictor muscles - (3)

Mandible

Superior pharyngeal constrictor attachment/origin - (1)

Hyoid

Middle pharyngeal constrictor attachment/origin - (1)

Thyroid cartilage

Inferior pharyngeal constrictor attachment/origin - (1)

Pharyngeal raphe

Insertion of pharyngeal constrictor muscles - (1)

Nasal cavity, oral cavity, larynx

• The nasopharynx is posterior to the __ __

• The oropharynx is posterior to the __ __

• The laryngopharynx is posterior to the __

Inferior margin, superior margin, larynx, epiglottis

• The nasopharynx ends at the __ __ of soft palate

• The oropharynx ends at __ __ of epiglottis

• The laryngopharynx can be walled off from the __ due to action of the __

Opening of eustachian tubes, tubal tonsils

Nasopharynx contents - (2)

Tongue base, palatine tonsils, soft palate

Oropharynx contents - (3)

Pharynx, tonsils, or middle ear

A retropharyngeal abcess describes fluid pooling in retropharyngeal space due to bacterial infection of the ..(3)..

Retropharyngeal abscess sx

Elevated temp, SOB, stiff neck, swelling of posterior pharyngeal wall

Posterior neck

Region of neck containing muscle, fascia, vertebrae, and cervical plexus

Action of Trapezius

Moves the humerus and arm

(Action of m.)

CN XI (11)

Trapezius innervation - (1)

Ansa cervicalis

C1-C3 and motor fibers (plexus)

Phrenic nerve

C3-C5 and motor fibers (plexus)

Lesser occipital, greater auricular, transverse cervical, supraclavicular

OATS in cervical plexus (sensory branches)

Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

Scalene muscles origins - (1)

Ribs 1-2

Scalene muscles insertions - (2)

Elevate first 2 ribs during inspiration, neck flexion

Scalene muscles action - (2)

Branches of cervical plexus

Scalene muscles innervation - (1)

Scalene myofascial pain syndrome

Brachial plexus and subclavian artery become trapped in anterior and middle scalenes

Scalene myofascial pain syndrome sx

Pain originating in neck and radiating down the upper limb