Industrial Psychology | Prelims

Employee Performance

This is defined as how well or poorly a person executes their job duties and responsibilities.

Employees

Who drives a company forward?

High performers

What type of employees can help a company achieve its goals faster?

Low performers

What type of employees can potentially cause problems for the company?

Purposes Appraisal

What is the formal opportunity to analyze your performance at work?

Performance Appraisal

What provides feedback to employees about quantity and quality of job performance?

Self-development

A purpose of performance appraisal where individuals get feedback on their strengths and weaknesses as seen by others and can initiate self-improvement programs.

Training and Development

A purpose of performance appraisal where managers identify the areas in which employees lack critical skills for either immediate or future performance.

Graphic Rating Scales

A technique of performance appraisal where the evaluator is asked to rate the employee by assigning a number or rating on each of the dimensions.

Critical Incident Technique

What method provides useful information for appraisal interviews, and managers and subordinates can discuss specific incidents?

Behavioral Observation Scales

What method is used to measure the frequency of a behavior, reduce bias, and develop a single ideal behavior?

Halo Effect

What source of error occurs when the evaluator allows a single trait, outcome, or consideration to influence other measures of performance?

Recency Error

What source of error occurs when evaluators focus on an employee’s most recent behavior in the evaluation process?

Central Tendency Error

What source of error occurs when a manager or evaluator rates most employees as average or near the middle of the rating scale, regardless of their actual performance?

Stereotyping

What error occurs when the rater makes performance judgments based on the employee’s characteristics rather than the employee’s actual performance?

Job description

What does a job analysis produce?

Job description

What outlines the tasks, duties, and responsibilities of a role?

Job specification

What document specifies the qualifications and requirements for a position?

Work Environment

What process ensures job descriptions align with changing business needs?

Performance criteria

What outlines the standards for assessing job performance?

Internal/Internal Source

What type of recruitment consists the sources of transferring, promoting and reemployment?

Employee Recruitment/Recruitment

Which of these employment processes oversees the finding and acquiring potential applicants for job openings?

Employment Selection/Selection

What employment process identifies the qualified candidate who will be the best fit in a job?

External/External Source

Which of the following recruitment sources does referrals belong?

Employment Placement/Placement

What employment process allocates and absorbs the applicant into the workplace?

Screening Interview

A brief job interview to determine whether the applicant you’re speaking to is qualified.

Unstructured Interview

A job interview where the interviewer does not follow a pre-determined set of questions or standardized format

Panel Interview

A type of interview where a candidate is interviewed by multiple interviewers simultaneously. This format is used to evaluate a candidate from different perspectives and to ensure a comprehensive assessment.

Behavioral Interview

A type of interview that focuses on how a candidate has behaved in past situations to predict their future performance. It is based on the premise that past behavior is the best indicator of future behavior in similar situations.

Video Screening Interview

Type of screening interview using a videoconferencing service like Zoom, Skype, or Google Meets

Well-crafted VMGO

3 Guiding Principles to a Successful Organization - Well-defined objective of the organization

Profitable and sustainable business

3 Guiding Principles to a Successful Organization - Every member of the organization has the common direction to hit the target for the organization to succeed

Successful Business and Well-paid employees

3 Guiding Principles to a Successful Organization - Employees’ satisfaction

• Sense of identity and status

• Social rewards

Why do people work? (2)

Psychology

The science of behavior and mental processes

Industrial Psychology

The application of the methods, facts and principles of the science of behavior and mental processes to the people at work; this plays a vital role in continuing growth of the economy

Professor Walter Dill Scott

He spoke out in 1901 about the potential use of advertising and wrote The Theory of Advertising in 1903, considered to be the first dealing with psychology and an aspect of the world of work

Hugo Munsterberg

A German psychologist teaching at Harvard University that wrote The Psychology of Industrial Efficiency

Engineering psychologist

They have also been called to assist in the design of Industrial equipment and consumer items and it made robotics, computers and other means of automating jobs

Industrial and Organizational Psychology

Industrial psychology of the American Psychological Association changed its name in 1970 to this

Promote human welfare

The purpose of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology is to?

Cost

The main focus of Industrial Psychologist

1. Absenteeism

2. Turn over

3. Job satisfaction

4. Personnel selection

Four areas Industrial Psychologists consider to save money

No field of study

________ is free of internal and external difficulties—the demand for Industrial psychology is aggravated by the demand for its service

Quackery

Psychology has been bothered by this, certainly more than any other science—the illicit and invalid practice of psychology by persons with little or no professional training

Communication

This is very important in an organization; it can be “top or bottom” or the other way around

Resistance to change

This is one among the many issues in an organization—employees tend to stick to what have been practiced or to the norms

Research

This can be an effective tool used by the Industrial psychologist; decision making can be fair if it is data based through the conduct of research

Putting the right people to the right job

This is the key to a successful organization

Performance Appraisal

One activity that will continue throughout your working career is the evaluation of the quality of your job performance—as with other areas of industrial psychology, this is important to you and to your employer

Training program

The goal of this, in any organization, is to develop specific skills, attitudes and capacities to maximize the individual’s job performance

Leadership

A key aspect of the worth of any organization is the quality of its ________, from supervisor to the president

• Motivation

• Job Satisfaction

• Job Analysis

Factors that place considerable impact on the efficiency of any organization (3)

Engineering Psychology

The design of equipment, tools and vehicles used in work is directly related to the physical work environment, to motivation and morale, and to accidents

Stress

This can interfere with production, if prolonged it can lead to serious—even fatal illness, in increasing number

Psychologists

They make a unique contribution to the marketing of goods and services by studying the size and nature of the potential market for a product, the effectiveness of various advertising appeals and campaigns, customer reaction to different products, and the motivations and needs of the buying public

Nurturing human capital

This is a big challenge, but with competent industrial psychologists, this situation will become so easy