Digestive Practical Study

Digestive system

Breaks down food and absorbs nutrients

Alimentary canal

Continuous tube from mouth to anus

Accessory organs

Assist digestion but are not part of canal

Mechanical digestion

Physical breakdown of food

Chemical digestion

Enzymatic breakdown of food

Absorption

Movement of nutrients into blood or lymph

Mouth

Entry point for food

Oral cavity

Space where digestion begins

Tongue

Moves food and aids swallowing

Filiform papillae

Provide texture no taste

Fungiform papillae

Contain taste buds

Vallate papillae

Large papillae with taste buds

Foliate papillae

Located on sides of tongue

Pharynx

Passageway for food

Esophagus

Transports food to stomach

Esophageal sphincter

Controls movement into stomach

Peristalsis

Wave like movement pushing food forward

Segmentation

Mixing movement in small intestine

Stomach

Stores and mixes food

Cardia

Region where esophagus enters stomach

Fundus

Upper dome shaped portion

Body of stomach

Main central region

Pylorus

Lower region leading to small intestine

Pyloric sphincter

Controls emptying into duodenum

Rugae

Folds allowing expansion

Gastric pits

Secrete gastric juice

Gastric juice

Acid and enzymes

Chyme

Semi liquid food mixture

Small intestine

Main site of digestion and absorption

Duodenum

Receives bile and enzymes

Jejunum

Primary absorption region

Ileum

Final section of small intestine

Large intestine

Absorbs water and forms feces

Cecum

Beginning of large intestine

Ascending colon

Right side

Transverse colon

Crosses abdomen

Descending colon

Left side

Sigmoid colon

S shaped region

Rectum

Stores feces

Anus

Exit of digestive tract

Haustra

Pouches of large intestine

Appendix

Lymphoid structure attached to cecum

Liver

Produces bile

Right lobe of liver

Largest lobe

Left lobe of liver

Smaller lobe

Caudate lobe

Posterior lobe

Quadrate lobe

Inferior lobe

Falciform ligament

Separates liver lobes

Gallbladder

Stores and concentrates bile

Pancreas

Produces digestive enzymes

Head of pancreas

Near duodenum

Tail of pancreas

Extends toward spleen

Pancreatic duct

Carries enzymes to duodenum

Common hepatic duct

Drains bile from liver

Cystic duct

Connects gallbladder

Common bile duct

Delivers bile to duodenum

Hepatopancreatic ampulla

Entry point for bile and enzymes

Ileocecal valve

Controls flow into large intestine

Absorptive cells

Absorb nutrients

Goblet cells

Secrete mucus

Paneth cells

Immune defense

G cells

Secrete gastrin

I cells

Secrete cholecystokinin

K cells

Secrete GIP

S cells

Secrete secretin

M cells

Transport antigens