Abnormal Psych ch. 13 vocab terms

developmental disorders

a mental disorder marked by delay in key areas of cognitive, adaptive, and academic functioning

limited developmental disorders

a developmental disorder in which one area but not many areas of functioning are affected

pervasive developmental disorder

a developmental disorder in which many areas of functioning are affected

intellectual developmental disorder

a pervasive developmental disorder marked by intelligence and adaptive behavior problems and onset before age 18 years

adaptive functioning

a person’s ability to carry out daily tasks that allows them to be independent

autism spectrum disorder

a pervasive developmental disorder associated with multiple cognitive and social deficits

diagnosis associated with impairment in social interactions, impaired communication and bizarre behavior patterns

learning disorder

a limited developmental disorder marked by academic problems in reading, spelling, writing, arithmetic, or some other important area

fragile X syndrome

genetic condition that involves damage to the X chromosome and that often leads to intellectual problems, especially in men

phenylketonuria (PKU)

autosomal recessive disorder that leads to buildup of phenylalanine and possible intellectual problems

sickle cell disease

genetic condition that leads to damaged red blood cells, poor oxygenation of cells, and potential intellectual problems

Tay-Sachs disease

genetic condition found in Ashkenazi Jews, involving severe motor and sensory disabilities as well as intellectual problems and early death

down syndrome

chromosomal condition caused by an extra 21st chromosome and leads to characteristic and physical features and intellectual problems

teratogens

potentially harmful agent that affects fetuses during the prenatal stage and which may lead to developmental disorders

induction defects

problems in closure of the neural tube, proper development of the forebrain, and completion of the corpus callosum, all of which may lead to developmental disorder

gross brain malformation such as a problem in the closure of the neural tube

migration defects

problems in cell growth and distribution in the second to fifth month of pregnancy, which can lead to underdeveloped brain areas and developmental disorder

gene therapy

insertion of genes into an individual’s cells and tissues to treat a disorder

discrete trial training

structured and repetitive method of teaching various skills to a child

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

mental disorder marked by severe problems of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity

oppositional defiant disorder

childhood mental disorder marked by hostile and negative behavior that includes noncompliance and other problems

conduct disorder

childhood mental disorder marked by antisocial conduct in the form of aggression, property destruction, deceitfulness, theft, and serious rule violations

disruptive behavior disorders

a class of childhood mental disorders that involves serious acting-out behavior problems and often includes attention-deficit/hyperactivity, oppositional defiant, and conduct disorders

multisystemic treatment

an intensive family and community-based treatment program designed to address conduct-related problems in children