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When was Julius Caesar born

100 BCE

When did Julius Caesar die

44 BCE

Who was Julius Caesars family

The ancient Julian clan with lineage all the way to Aeneas, venus, Romulus and Mars

What was Julius Caesar like in the Military

He was a gifted military general and a skilful public speaker

What were all of caesars titles he held over his years

• pontifex maximus

• consul

• dictator

• dictator in perpuity

When was Julius caesar pontifex maximus

63 BCE'

when was julius caesar consul

59 BCE

When was Julius caesar dictator

46 BCE (for ten years)

When was Julius caesar dictator in perpuity

44 BCE

Who was Caesar in a triumvirate with

Pompey the Great

Crassus

what improvements did Julius caesar make to rome

• Architectural projects, new civic, Forum iulium

• Improved conditions for soldiers in the military, doubling their pay

• Willing to give out clemency

How was Julius Caesar and Augustus linked

Biological great uncle and adoptive father

Pro’s for augustus to be associated to Julius Caesar

• divine lineage

• hugely popular

• gifted military general

• improvements made to rome

Cons of being associated to Julius Caesar

• held onto the title of dictator for too long

What was the date that Julius Caesar died

March 15 44 BCE

How did Julius Caesar die

He was ambushed by a gang of sentors at the theatre of pompey. Sixty men were involved but it was led by brutus and cassius. Caesar was stabbed 23 times and died at the scene

When did Octavian arrive back in Rome

May 44 BCE

Why does Octavian arrive back in Rome

Octavian hears of Caesars death and comes back to rome, he needs to legitimise his own adoption so he fufilled Caesars late and unfinished promises:

• gives 75 denarito to each pleb

• Hosts the games in honour of venus

What of significance happens at venus games

Caesars comet appears in the sky

Octavian has confromation from a sootbsayer that the comet was caesar becoming a god

When do Livia and Tiberius claudius nero get married

43 BCE

When is the battle of mutina

April 21 43 BCE

What causes the battle of Mutina

Mark Antony refuses to accept the legitimacy of the will, keeps the money and denies Octavian his titles and leaves Rome.

Whilst Mark Antony is gone Cicero releases the phillippics making Mark Antony an enemy of the state.

The senate make Octavian a senate and send him to fight Mark Antony for the senate

Who from the senate goes to the battle of mutina

Octavian

Hirtius

Pansa

What is the result of the battle of mutina

Mark Antony fled

What happens when Octavian returns from the battle of mutina

Octavian wins the war and demands a triumph, when the senate refuse he marches on rome with the senates army.

What do the senate do about being marched on

With no army and no consuls to defend themselves the senate are forced to give Octavian consulship

How old was octavian when he was made consul

19 in 43 BCE

When was the second triumvirate made

43 BCE

Why was a second Triumvirate made

Through lack of trust for the senate he formed an alliance with Mark Antony and lepidus as he needs help running the empire

What kind of alliance did the second triumvir have

an official amicitia

What does an official amicitia mean

friendship, support, no fighting and equal power

When did the proscriptions take place

43 BCE

What are the proscriptions

A list in the forum with named individuals as public enemies. A persons property was taken and they could legally be killed.

How many names were on the proscriptions

between 100-300/900 senators were killed

When was Julius Caesar deified

1 January 42 BCE

What was significant about Julius Caesar being deified

• As a mortal man awaiting his deification he was justified in his actions and completeley beyond reproach.

• Octavian could now give himself the title ‘divifilius’ son of a god and this gave him an auara of importance/authority and very few mortals could rival this.

What represented caesar being deified

Caesar was officially deified and declared a god often having an 8 point star represent the comet.

When was the battle of phillipi

October 23 42 BCE

What was the battle of phillipi

a civil war, Octavian and mark Antony fighting against brutus and cassius

What was the because of the battle of phillipi

Avenging julius caesars death

What was the result of the battle of phillipi

Brutus and cassius commited the Mors voulantaria

When was Tiberius born

November 6th 42 BCE

When and where did Mark Antony meet cleopatra

41 BCE in Tarsus

Who was Augustus first wife

Claudia Pulchra

When did Augustus marry Claudia Pulchra

41 BCE

When did Augustus divorce Claudia Pulchra

41 BCE

What did Augustus say when he returned claudia to her family

That she was returned in mint condition - implying that they hadnt slept together

Who are Claudia’s parents

Fulvia and Claudius Pulcher

Who is Fulvia’s second husband

Mark Antony

When did the perusine war start

between 41 and 40 BCE

What is the cause of the perusine wars

Fulvia and Lucius Antonius declare war against augustus

Fulvia due to the insult on her daughter

Lucius due to the insult to Mark Antony

What happens during the perusine wars

Fulvia and Lucius raise eight legions to fight for Antonious rights against octavian. Their army occupied Rome for a short period of time and then retreated to Perusia, where octavian beseiged both Fulvia and Lucius in the winter, starving them.

What was the outcome of the perusine wars

Fulvia was exiled and dies of a sudden illness

When does the Perusine war end

40 BC

When does Mark Antony marry Octavia

40 BC

When is the treaty of Brundisium signed

40 BECAUSE

What is the treaty of brundisium

The land was divided, Octavian has the western provinces, Mark Antony had the eastern provinces, Lepidus had the African and southern provinces.

How would the land be divided between the second triumverate in rough%

50 - Octavian

40 - Mark Antony

10 - Lepidus

In 40 BCE Octavian ordered the death of senators.

How many and why

300 and any senators or equities who had allied with Lucius Antonius and Fulvia against him in the perusine wars

when do the second triumverate make a pact with sextus to end the grain blockade

39 BCE

Why has sextus pompey caused the grain blockade

Sextus wants to seek revenge due to Caesar being the cause of Magnus Pompey’s death. Sicily was one of Romes main grain sources

When was Julia the Elder born and Scribonia divorced

October 30th 39 BCE

Why did Augustus divorce Scribonia

Octavian had met Livia whilst Scribonia was pregnant with Julia the Elder and Livia pregnant with her second child. Despite Livia being pregnant he immediately fell inlove with her, wanting to marry her.

How did Octavian marry Livia even though she was already married

Octavian forced Tiberius to divorce Livia

When did Agrippa assemble a naval force

38 BCE

why did agrippa assemble a naval force

In preparation for the sicilian war

When did Octavian give himself the title imperator

38 BCE

Why did Augustus give himself the title imperator

To emphasise his new military role

When did Mark Antony marry cleopatra despite still being married to Octavia

37 BCE

When did the civilian civil wars take place

36 BCE

Why did the sicilian civil wars take place

Sextus blocked the grain and chicken trade in and out of sicily, this was a large issue as sicily was one of Romes main estuaries of grain. When there was no other way around it Pompey was dealt with via violence.

Why was the sicilian civil wars significant

this was significant as it was Octavians first major battle he organised.

What had happened in July of 36 BCE

Agrippa had acrued and trained an impressive naval fleet to go against Pompey. Agrippa invaded and wiped out Sextus army

When had Antony launched a campaign in Armenia with cleopatra’s money

34 BCE

What were the donations of Alexandria

Antony gives huge portions of Roman land to his children and the Egyptian Empire. The implications of this were huge. The senate were beginning to get the impression that Antony was trying to create a ‘new Rome’ in Alexandria.

Antony had an Egyptian triumph where he marched through Alexandria with Cleopatra by his side dressed as Egyptian gods

When did Mark Antony divorce Octavia

33 BCE, Antony divorces Octavia, despite their children together

When did Octavian read Antony’s will

32 BCE

How did Octavian read Mark Antony's will

Octavian bribed the vestal virgins into giving him Antony’s will the will proved that there were greater donations to Cleopatra and Antony wanted to be immortalised in Egypt

What did they find in Antony’s will

: greater donations to the Egyptian queen, Antony wanted to be buried next to cleopatra, Antony wanted to be immortalised in Egypt

When did Octavian begin building the mausoleum

32 BCE

What was the significance of the comparison between the mausoleum and Antony’s will

Showed the contrast for the love and dislike for rome

When was Mark Antony stripped of his titles

32 BCE

When was war waged on cleopatra

32 BCE

Why was the war waged on cleopatra and not mark antony

to avoid being accused of anymore civil wars

When was the battle of Actium

September 2nd 31 BCE

What was the battle of actium

the battle of actium was a naval battle against cleopatra off the shore of Greece. It was a magnificent victory for Rome, the Egyptian army was off the shore of Greece.

What does the battle of Actium mark

Marks Octavians unchallenged rule over Rome

When was the battle of Alexandria

30 BCE

What was significant about the battle of Alexandria

Battle of Alexandria was very publicised, capture siege of city

When did Mark Antony commit mors voulantaria

August 1st BCE

What drove Mark Antony to commit suicide

Antony commited mors voulantaria, after thinking Cleopatra had left him by making bribes with Octavian for her survival he then stabbed himself

When did Cleopatra commit mors voulantaria

August 12th 30 BCE

Why did Cleopatra commit mors voulantaria

Cleopatra commited Mors voulantaria by having a snake bite her

When was the kalabsha gate built

30 BCE

When was Octavian awarded the triple triumph

August 13-15th 29 BCE

When does Octavian declare the rights and the laws of the Roman people have been restored

28 BCE

When did the first settlement take place

January 16th 27 BCE

What was the first settlement

After the battle of Alexandria Octavian gave back all of his triumvir powers in response the senate voted to give him control over the province (10 years), he would have annual consulship given both the titles; ‘Augustus’ and ‘Princeps senatus’, the Clipeus virtutis would be hung in the senate house, displays the Augustan virtue

When does Augustus revive the position of urban prefect

26 BCE

When did Augustus nearly die from the plague

23 BCE