Umme Aimen Tailor - Chapter 10: Respiratory System

What are the three functions of the respiratory system?

Uptake of oxygen gas into the blood, elimination of carbon dioxide, vocalization, olfaction

What are the five regions of the respiratory system?

Nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs

What are the four paranasal sinuses?

Frontal, maxillary, ethmoid, and sphenoidal sinuses

What is the function of sinuses?

To warm and humidify air and trap dust

What are the nasolacrimal ducts?

Tear ducts

What is the pharynx?

Throat

What is the nasopharynx?

The uppermost section of the throat

What is the eustachian tube?

The tube that connects the throat to the ear

What is otitis media?

Inflammation of the middle ear

What is the larynx?

Voice box

What is the front portion of the larynx that sticks out called?

Adam’s apple

What is the laryngeal aperture?

Opening of the voice box

What are the three laryngeal cartilages?

Epiglottis, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage

What is carcinoma of the larynx associated with?

Heavy smoking and heavy drinking

What is a laryngectomy?

Surgical removal of the larynx

What is the trachea?

the windpipe

What is the trachea made up of?

cricoid cartilage

What is a tracheostomy?

Surgical opening of the trachea

Where are the lungs located?

above the clavicles to the diaphragm muscle

What is the hilum of the lung?

the root of the lung

What are the three large openings in the diaphragm?

esophagus, aorta (aortic hiatus), inferior vena cava

How many lobes does the right lung have?

three

How many lobes does the left lung have?

two

What are alveoli?

functional units of the lungs

What is the visceral pleural membrane?

a slippery membrane around the lungs

What is the parietal pleural membrane?

a slippery membrane that covers the inner wall of the thorax

What is the pleural cavity?

fluid filled space between the pleural membranes

How does inspiration work?

diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract

How does exhalation work?

diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax

What is Respiratory Distress Syndrome?

pulmonary surfactant deficiency

What is a Pleurisy?

Inflammation of the lung lining

What is a pneumothorax?

formation of an air pocket between the pleural membranes

What is a cold?

viral infections of the upper respiratory tract

What is bronchitis?

viral or bacterial infection of the bronchi

What is pneumonia?

general inflammation of the lungs caused by bacteria or virus

What is tuberculosis?

a bacterial infections of the lungs resulting in the formation of fibrotic nodules around the infected areas

What is bronchial asthma?

allergic reactions resulting in bronchospasm and bronchial edema

What does pnea mean?

breathing