Chemistry - Unit 1+2

Matter

Matter

Any substance that occupies space and has mass

Mass

Amount of matter an object contains

Volume

Amount of space an object occupies

Pure substance

Matter that has the same composition throughout

Element

Simplest form of matter with unique properties

Compound

Substance with 2 or more elements has its own properties

Law of Conservation of Mass

Mass is not created or destroyed during a physical or chemical change. Mass can only be converted from one form to another

Chemical Symbol

A way of representing an element with symbols

Chemical Formula

A way of representing a compound with symbols

Mixture

Physical combination of of 2 or more substances

Heterogeneous mixture

Mixture that is not uniform throughout

Homogeneous mixture

Mixture that is the same throughout

Solution

A name for homogeneous mixture, usually a liquid

Solute

The substance being dissolved

Solvent

The substance doing the dissolving

Solid

Matter that has a fixed shape and volume

Liquid

Matter that has a fixed volume but no fixed shape

Gas

Matter that has no fixed shape or volume

Aqueous Solution

Solution where the solvent is water

Plasma

Superheated matter to the point electrons are pulled from atoms

Freezing point

Liquid state to a solid state

Melting point

Solid state to a liquid state

Boiling point

Liquid state to a gas state

Condensation point

Gas state to a liquid state

Sublimation

Solid state turning directly to a gas state

Deposition

Gas state turning directly to a solid state

Physical property

Property observed by a substance without changing the composition

Physical Change

Change to a substance that does not change composition

Examples of physical change

Does not create a new substance, changes in size, shape, or state

Chemical Property

Ability for a substance to undergo a chemical reaction

Chemical Change

Change that changes the composition of a substance

Example of chemical change

A new substance is formed, bubbling, releasing gas, precipitate form, flammability, corrosion

Chemical Reaction

1 or more substances that produce 1 or more product

Precipitate

Solid that forms from the mixing 2 or more liquids

Filtration

Separate solid from liquid in heterogeneous mixture

Decantation

Separate 2 liquids with different density

Evaporation

Separate dissolved solid from liquid; keep only solid

Distillation

Separate dissolved solid from liquid; keep both solid and liquid

Desalination

A process that removes mineral components (salt) from saline water

Scientific Method 1

Observation

Scientific Method 2

Hypothesis

Scientific Method 3

Experiment

Scientific Method 4

Analyze/Make conclusions

Scientific Method 5

Retest (experiment)

Hypothesis

proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation

Theory

Well experimented answer to an observation

Law

Mathematically supported answer to an observation; always correct