Key Terms Chapter 22-24

Test 1/27

Rutherford Hayes

19th U.S. president known for ending Reconstruction

Samuel Tilden

Democratic presidential candidate in 1876 involved in Compromise of 1877.

William McKinley

25th U.S. president who led the country during the Spanish-American War.

William Jennings Bryan

Democratic politician known for his 'Cross of Gold' speech.

J.P. Morgan

American banker and financier who stabilized the financial system during crises.

'Waving the bloody shirt'

A political tactic used by Republicans after the Civil War to blame Democrats in the South for the war to gain votes.

Tweed Ring

A corrupt political organization led by William 'Boss' Tweed

Credit Mobilier Scandal

Political scandal in the 1870s involving a construction company that fraudulently took funds from the federal government.

Gilded Age

A period in U.S. history (1870s-1900) marked by rapid industrialization, economic growth, political corruption, and social inequality.

Patronage

The practice of giving government jobs to political supporters

Jim Crow

State and local laws in the South enforcing racial segregation.

Compromise of 1877

A deal that resolved the disputed 1876 election

Civil Rights Act of 1875

Law intended to protect African Americans’ civil rights, but was unconstitutional.

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld racial segregation under the doctrine of 'separate but equal.'

Chinese Exclusion Act

Prohibited the immigration of Chinese laborers; the first major law to restrict immigration based on race.

Pendleton Act

Established a merit-based system for federal civil service jobs.

Homestead Act

Provided 160 acres of land to settlers who would farm it and build a permanent structure

Grandfather Clause

Provision in Southern state constitutions that exempted white voters from literacy tests or poll taxes.

Sharecropping

System of agriculture where farmers worked land owned by someone else in exchange for a share of the crops.

The Great Strike of 1877

Nationwide railroad strike sparked by wage cuts and poor working conditions

Horace Greeley

• Journalist and founder of the New York Tribune

• ran for president

Thomas Reed

• Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives

• known for his use of 'Reed Rules'

'New Immigrants'

Immigrants who arrived in the U.S. after the 1880s

Political Machines

Political organizations that controlled local and state governments through patronage.

Settlement House

Community centers established to provide services such as education, healthcare, and job training.

Tuskegee Institute

An educational institution founded by Booker T. Washington

Pragmatism

Philosophical movement emphasizing practical consequences over abstract theories.

Land-Grant Colleges

Colleges and universities established through the Morrill Act of 1862.

Yellow Journalism

• A style of exaggerated news reporting,

• attract readers and increase sales.

Jane Addams

Social reformer and founder of (Settlement House) in Chicago

Booker T. Washington

African American educator and founder of the Tuskegee Institute.

W.E.B. Du Bois

African American sociologist, historian, and co-founder of the NAACP.

Carrie Chapman Catt

Women’s suffrage leader and president of the NAWSA.

Horatio Alger

American author best known for his 'rags-to-riches' novels.

John Dewey

Philosopher and educator who was a leading advocate for progressive education.

Joseph Pulitzer

Newspaper publisher who owned the New York World

• yellow journalism

William Randolph Hearst

Newspaper magnate who helped to popularize yellow journalism.