POL101 Essay

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34 Terms

1

Geographic Empires

Empires defined by the expanse of their territory.

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2

Inland Empire

An empire built on military conquests, exemplified by the Roman Empire.

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3

Overseas Empire

An empire built on naval power, such as the British Empire.

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4

Frontier Empire

An empire like the Ottoman Empire, built on economic dependence.

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5

Economic Empires

Empires categorized by economic systems like slave-owning, rentier, mercantile, and capitalist.

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6

Political Empires

Empires categorized by their governance structures: formal, informal, military, or bureaucratic.

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7

Global Governance

A new form of governance that incorporates the global realm and operates through decentralization.

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8

Decentralization

An administrative approach where power is distributed among various levels rather than concentrated.

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9

Realism

Theory suggesting that international organizations are extensions of sovereign states and lack inherent power.

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10

Classical Liberal Internationalism

A theory emphasizing individual freedom and the belief that free trade generates peace and prosperity.

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11

Neoliberal Institutionalism

Theory positing that increased cooperation leads to trans-national identity that reduces conflict.

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12

Constructivism

Theory viewing power as a social relationship shaped by state engagement within the global system.

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13

Feminism in International Relations

An approach highlighting gender's role and recognizing the underrepresentation of women in conflict discussions.

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14

Monopoly of Violence

The concept that the state seeks to monopolize violence to maintain dominance over its territory.

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15

Sustained Violence

Extended use of force necessary for something to be classified as war.

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16

Coordinated Violence

Violence between political organizations that must be reciprocated.

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17

Realist Theory - Security Dilemma

The phenomenon where states focus on short-term security needs, potentially leading to conflict.

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18

Offensive Strategy

A strategy aimed at pursuing regional dominance and forming alliances.

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19

Defensive Strategy

A strategy focused on preventing hegemony and maintaining power balance.

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20

Rivalry Theory

The idea that states become rivals due to territorial disputes and alliances.

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21

Bargaining Model of War

Concept stating that war is costly, and individuals may misrepresent information during interactions.

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22

Psychological Theory of War

Theory positing that different leaders produce varying outcomes affecting the likelihood of war.

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23

Democratic Peace Theory

The theory that democracies rarely go to war with one another.

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24

Selectorate Model

Theory explaining that political survival influences autocracies to attack weaker democracies.

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25

Economic Interdependence

Concept that anticipated war deters political leaders from aggressive actions due to trade considerations.

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26

Negative Peace

The absence of personal violence.

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27

Positive Peace

The presence of social justice.

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28

Liberal Peace

The belief that promoting liberal values leads to prolonged peace in post-conflict societies.

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29

Five Pillars of Peace

Elements deemed essential for peace: Democratic Governance, Market Economy, Human Rights, International Institutions, and Development.

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30

Territorial Roots of Conflict

The idea that many modern conflicts stem from disputes over borders and territory.

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31

Historical Context of Borders

The significance of understanding historical precedents that led to the current delineation of territories.

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32

Model of Institutional Constraints

electoral institutions, decentralization of power, free press etc. prevent/inhibit political leaders from taking unilateral military action 

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33

International Monetary Fund

The IMF works to resolve the balance of payments + debt issues that developing countries face; its programs of economic reform are funded by other countries in exchange for power 

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34

USA & IMF

It was found that a country’s alignment with the United States increased the probability of an IMF loan; in other words, voting with the U.S gave developing countries a better chance of receiving a loan 

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