C.1.1.2 Social Learning Theory (HL)

What is Social Learning Theory (SLT)?

The process of learning behaviour through observing and modelling the physical behaviours of perceived role models.

What type of learning does SLT demonstrate regarding reinforcement?

Learning can occur without reinforcement such as rewards or punishments.

How does SLT explain how people develop behaviour?

By observing others and using what they have seen to shape their own behaviour.

What cognitive processes are involved in SLT?

Thinking, practising, and setting personal standards.

How many key constructs are needed to understand SLT in relation to personality?

Four.

What are the four key constructs of SLT related to personality?

Competence and skills, beliefs and expectancies, behavioural standards, and personal goals.

What are competence and skills in SLT?

The actual abilities a person has and whether they expect to be good at something.

How do competence and skills influence behaviour?

Behaviour depends on skill level and expectations of success.

What are beliefs in SLT?

Cognitive views about oneself, others, or the environment.

What is self-efficacy?

Beliefs about one’s own capabilities.

What are interpersonal beliefs?

Beliefs about other people.

What is a worldview?

Beliefs about the environment.

What are expectancies?

Predictions based on past experiences and current information.

What do expectancies include?

Beliefs about personal abilities and consequences of behaviour.

What are behavioural (evaluative) standards?

Mental criteria used to judge the worth or quality of behaviour or events.

What are personal standards?

Behavioural standards concerning oneself.

Why are personal standards important?

They are fundamental to human motivation and performance.

What are personal goals in SLT?

Targets individuals aim to achieve through behaviour.

How do personal goals influence sporting behaviour?

They affect continuation in sport and help optimise performance.

What is self-efficacy?

The expectation people hold about their own capabilities.

How is self-efficacy related to performance?

Higher self-efficacy is associated with higher performance levels.

Why is self-efficacy not the same as self-esteem?

Self-efficacy relates to ability, while self-esteem relates to overall self-worth.

What is self-esteem?

A person’s global evaluation of their personal worth.

How many antecedent factors influence self-efficacy?

Four.

What are the four antecedent factors of self-efficacy?

Performance accomplishments, vicarious experience, persuasion, and psychological state.

What are performance accomplishments?

How a person views their own performance, especially positive performances.

How do performance profiles help self-efficacy?

They help athletes understand and evaluate their performance views.

What is vicarious experience?

Learning through modelling by observing others perform a task.

How does vicarious experience affect self-efficacy?

Seeing others succeed can increase belief in one’s own ability.

What is persuasion in self-efficacy?

Encouragement or influence from respected individuals.

Give examples of persuasion.

Words of encouragement, motivating songs, or images.

What is psychological state in self-efficacy?

An individual’s level of arousal and mental readiness for a task.

Which theory is linked to psychological state?

Inverted-U Theory.

What cognitive factors are included in psychological state?

Concentration, selective attention, and multitasking.