Topic 1.2 - Developments in Dar al-Islam

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20 Terms

1
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Who was the Prophet Muhammad?

Muhammad ibn Abdullah, the founder of Islam.

2
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What is the Quran?

The holy book of Islam, composed of verses revealed to Muhammad.

3
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What marks the beginning of Islamic expansion into north Africa?

The Muslim conquest of Egypt in 642.

4
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When did Muslim forces invade and conquer Spain?

In 711.

5
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What significant battle occurred in 751 involving the Abbasid Empire?

The Battle of Talas, where Abbasid forces stopped Tang Chinese expansion.

6
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What empires emerged after the decline of the Abbasid Caliphate?

The Seljuk Empire, Mamluk Sultanate, and Delhi Sultanate.

7
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What was the Seljuk Empire known for?

Nomadic Turkic peoples who restored Sunni Muslim unity after taking over Abbasid territory.

8
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What does 'Mamluk' mean?

'Owned' or 'slave'; refers to the military caste that ruled the Mamluk Sultanate.

9
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Who was Shajar al-Durr?

The first ruler of the Mamluk Sultanate, who ruled as Sultana for three months.

10
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What trade routes did the Mamluk Sultanate control?

Overland trade from Asia through Aleppo into Europe and maritime trade via the Red Sea.

11
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What led to the decline of the Mamluk Sultanate?

The Black Plague, a weakening political structure, and losses in trade.

12
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Who founded the Delhi Sultanate?

Qutb-Din Aibak, a former slave of a Muslim warlord.

13
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What role did Sufi missionaries play in the spread of Islam in India?

They promoted a more personal and experiential approach to Islam, appealing to Hindus.

14
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What was the Translation Movement?

An effort during the Islamic Golden Age to translate ancient texts into Arabic.

15
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What impact did the Translation Movement have on Europe?

It set the stage for the Renaissance and the Scientific Revolution.

16
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How were early Islamic states tolerant of other religions?

Christians and Jews were recognized as 'people of the book' but had to pay a tax called 'jizya'.

17
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How did Islam spread to West Africa?

Through the Trans-Saharan trade routes, not by conquest.

18
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Who was Mansa Musa?

The ruler of the Mali Empire known for his legendary pilgrimage to Mecca.

19
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What role did Sufi missionaries play in spreading Islam to China?

They traveled along the Silk Road and established mosques combining Arabic and Chinese architecture.

20
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What was the significance of Zheng He?

A famous Chinese explorer from a Muslim family, who promoted trade and Islamic culture.