Gram Negative Bacilli of Medical Importance chap 20

Gram Negative Bacilli

Diverse bacteria, live in various habitats.

Septic Shock

Severe low blood pressure, high fever, organ failure.

Endotoxin

Lipopolysaccharide released from Gram-negative bacteria.

Pseudomonas

Aerobic, non-fermenting, opportunistic pathogen.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Common in intestines, causes nosocomial infections.

Burkholderia

Opportunistic pathogens, involved in biodegradation.

Bordetella pertussis

Causes Whooping Cough, destroys respiratory cells.

Legionella pneumophila

Causes Legionnaires' disease, not person-to-person.

Enterobacteriaceae Family

Large family of facultative anaerobes, non-spore-forming.

E. coli

Common gut bacteria, causes traveler's diarrhea.

Enterotoxigenic E. coli

Causes severe diarrhea via heat-labile and stable toxins.

Enteroinvasive E. coli

Causes inflammatory disease of the large intestine.

Enteropathogenic E. coli

Linked to infantile diarrhea and wasting.

Enterohemorrhagic E. coli

O157:H7 strain causes hemorrhagic syndrome.

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Opportunistic pathogen, causes pneumonia and UTIs.

Serratia marcescens

Produces red pigment, causes pneumonia and infections.

Proteus

Opportunistic pathogen, involved in UTIs and wounds.

Salmonella typhi

Causes Typhoid fever, serious systemic infection.

Salmonella enterica

Commonly causes gastrointestinal illness.

Shigella species

Causes dysentery, transmitted via fecal contamination.

Yersinia pestis

Causes plague, transmitted by rodents and fleas.

Haemophilus genus

Tiny, pleomorphic rods, require growth factors.

H. influenzae

Causes meningitis, otitis media, and pneumonia.

H. aegyptius

Causes conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye.

H. ducreyi

Causes chancroid, a sexually transmitted disease.

H. parainfluenzae

Normal flora, can cause infective endocarditis.

Nosocomial infections

Infections acquired in healthcare settings.