Our Journey To Now: Outcome 8

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10 Terms

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What is gene mutation?

  • Changes in genetic (DNA) code

  • DNA code will have a base (or more) missing, added or exchanged in a codon

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How often do mutations occur?

  • Mutations occur at a frequency of about 1 in every 1 billion base pairs

  • Everybody has about 6 mutations in each cell of their body

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Mutations may…

  • not be visible

  • be harmful

  • be beneficial

  • have no effect on the organism

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Mutations are…

Mutations are a major source of genetic variation in a population, increasing biodiversity.

Some variations may help them survive better.

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Mutations in gametes:

Mutations passed on to offspring

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Mutations in somatic cells

Mutations not passed on to offspring

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Types of gene mutations

  • Substitution

  • Deletion

  • INsertation

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Alleles are…

different variations of a gene

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Homozygous alleles

The same type of gene, eg:

  • YY

  • yy

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Heterozygous alleles

Different types of gene, eg:

  • Yy

  • yY