APUSH Unit 7

What was the 'Big Stick Policy'?

Roosevelt's foreign policy approach advocating for U.S. intervention in international affairs.

What was Wilson's foreign policy stance?

Isolationist and focused on keeping the U.S. out of foreign conflicts.

What did Alfred T. Mahan argue in his book?

That great nations need powerful navies to control oceans.

What were the pros of U.S. imperialism?

Competition with European powers and belief in racial superiority.

Why did Russia sell Alaska to the United States?

Due to tensions with natives and the purchase was seen as a good investment.

What was the significance of the USS Maine?

Its explosion was a catalyst for the U.S. declaration of war against Spain.

What did the Treaty of Paris 1898 establish?

That the U.S. gained Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.

What was the Monroe Doctrine?

A principle that warned European nations to stay out of Latin American affairs.

What caused the Great Migration?

African Americans moving North for job opportunities during and after WWI.

What was the Harlem Renaissance?

A cultural movement showcasing African American literature, music, and art in the 1920s.

What was the Sedition Act of 1918?

A law making it illegal to criticize the U.S. government during WWI.

What did the 19th Amendment achieve?

Granted women the right to vote in the United States.

Who were the 'Lost Generation' writers?

Authors disillusioned by the aftermath of WWI, seeking meaning in a changing world.

What was the Dust Bowl?

A period of severe dust storms that greatly damaged the ecology and agriculture of the American prairies.

What was the New Deal?

A series of programs and policies designed to recover the U.S. economy during the Great Depression.

What was the purpose of the War Production Board?

To oversee and coordinate production of war materials during WWII.

What is 'island hopping'?

A military strategy used by the U.S. during WWII to capture strategically important islands.

What was the outcome of the Battle of Midway?

A significant victory for the U.S. that shifted the balance of power in the Pacific during WWII.

What was the Manhattan Project?

The secret U.S. project that developed the atomic bomb during WWII.

What were the Four Freedoms?

Freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear—ideals promoted by FDR.

What was the significance of Hiroshima and Nagasaki?

The cities were targets of the atomic bomb, leading to Japan's surrender and the end of WWII.

What was the Executive Order 9066?

The order that led to Japanese internment camps in the U.S. during WWII.

What was the Selective Service System?

The system used to draft men into military service during WWII.

What was the primary aim of the Lend-Lease Act?

To provide military aid to foreign nations during WWII without direct involvement.

What was the purpose of the Fair Employment Practices Committee?

To prevent discrimination in defense industries during WWII.

What characterized the America First Committee?

An organization advocating for U.S. neutrality before entering WWII.

What was the impact of WWII on American society?

Led to economic recovery, increased jobs, and significant changes in gender roles with women entering the workforce.

What was yellow journalism?

A sensationalist style of reporting that exaggerates news to attract readers, heavily used during the Spanish-American War.

What was the Treaty of Paris (1898)?

The agreement that ended the Spanish-American War and granted the U.S. control over Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.

What was the purpose of the Roosevelt Corollary?

An extension of the Monroe Doctrine asserting the U.S. authority to intervene in Latin American affairs.

What was the Gentlemen's Agreement?

A 1907 agreement between the U.S. and Japan limiting Japanese immigration to the U.S.

What was dollar diplomacy under William Taft?

A foreign policy that aimed to use U.S. financial power to extend international influence.

What were the causes of WWI?

Militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism were key factors leading to the war.

What was the League of Nations?

An international organization formed after WWI to promote peace and cooperation among countries.

What does 'return to normalcy' refer to?

Warren G. Harding's campaign slogan reflecting a desire for a return to pre-WWI life.

What were the Palmer Raids?

A series of government actions in 1919-1920 targeting individuals believed to be radicals and anarchists.

What was the Teapot Dome scandal?

A bribery scandal involving the leasing of federal oil reserves in the 1920s.

What characterized consumer goods in the 1920s?

A shift toward mass production and consumer culture, leading to increased availability and affordability of household products.

What was the Red Summer?

A period of racial violence and riots in the U.S. during the summer and fall of 1919, fueled by racial tensions.

What were IQ tests used for in the context of anti-immigration measures?

To assess the intelligence of immigrants, often used to justify increased immigration restrictions.

What were the Immigration Restriction Acts?

A series of laws aimed at limiting immigration, particularly from Southern and Eastern Europe.

Who were Sacco and Vanzetti?

Italian immigrants and anarchists controversially convicted of murder in the 1920s, highlighting anti-immigrant sentiment.

What was the Scopes Trial?

A 1925 trial that debated the teaching of evolution in schools, challenging the Butler Act in Tennessee.

What caused the Stock Market Crash of 1929?

Speculation, excessive leverage, and lack of regulation leading to a sharp decline in stock prices.

What was Herbert Hoover's Smoot-Hawley Tariff?

A high tariff law enacted in 1930 that sought to protect American industry but worsened the Great Depression.

What was the Emergency Banking Act?

A law passed in 1933 that aimed to stabilize the banking system during the Great Depression.

What was the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)?

A New Deal program that provided jobs to young men in environmental conservation projects.

What was the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)?

A New Deal program aimed at boosting agricultural prices by reducing surpluses.

What was the Works Progress Administration (WPA)?

A New Deal program that funded large-scale public works projects to create jobs.

What were Fireside Chats?

Radio addresses by FDR meant to inform and reassure the American public during the Great Depression.

What was the Black Cabinet?

A group of African American advisors to FDR who provided input on racial issues.

What was the America First Committee?

A group advocating for U.S. neutrality before entering WWII.

What are the Four Freedoms?

Freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear—key goals outlined by FDR.

What was the significance of Pearl Harbor?

The surprise attack by Japan on December 7, 1941, that led to the U.S. entering WWII.

What was Executive Order 9066?

The order that authorized the internment of Japanese Americans during WWII.

What was the Selective Service System?

The system that enabled the U.S. to draft military personnel during WWII.

Who was General Max?

A referential term; should clarify specific general to identify correctly in context.

What were Liberty Ships?

Cargo ships built in the U.S. during WWII, critical for wartime supply and logistics.

What was the War Production Board?

A U.S. government agency that oversaw and coordinated wartime production during WWII.

Who is Rosie the Riveter?

A cultural icon representing women who worked in factories and shipyards during WWII.

Yellow Journalism

Exaggerated news reports aimed at swaying public opinion, particularly prominent in the case of Cuba's independence from Spain.

Big Stick Policy

Roosevelt's foreign policy of using U.S. power to help other nations while maintaining a strong military presence.

Ostend Manifesto

A document advocating for U.S. acquisition of Cuba to maintain a balance between slave and free states.

McKinley

U.S. President who annexed Hawaii in 1898 as an expression of Manifest Destiny.

Dollar Diplomacy

Taft's policy of promoting U.S. trade and investments overseas, particularly in Latin America.

MAIN

Acronym for the causes of World War I: Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism.

Zimmermann Telegram

A secret German proposal to Mexico to join the war against the U.S., which swayed public opinion for war.

Committee on Public Information

Created by Wilson to generate public support for World War I through propaganda.

Prohibition

The legal ban on the sale and consumption of alcohol in the U.S., established by the 18th Amendment.

Flappers

Young women in the 1920s who defied traditional norms with styles and behaviors such as drinking and smoking.

Harlem Renaissance

A cultural movement centered in Harlem, NYC, celebrating African American arts and identity in the 1920s.

Eugenics Movement

Efforts in the early 20th century to improve the human gene pool, often used to justify discrimination.

New Deal

Franklin D. Roosevelt's series of programs and reforms to combat the Great Depression.

Dust Bowl

A severe drought in the 1930s that aggravated farming difficulties in the Great Plains.

Executive Order 9066

FDR's order that led to the internment of Japanese Americans during WWII.

Lend-Lease Act

U.S. policy allowing the transfer of military supplies to allies, indicating increased involvement in WWII.

Island Hopping

U.S. military strategy in the Pacific during WWII, focusing on capturing strategic islands.

Manhattan Project

Secret U.S. project to develop the atomic bomb during WWII.

Kamikaze Pilots

Japanese pilots who conducted suicide attacks by crashing their planes into enemy ships during WWII.

Battle of Midway

A pivotal 1942 naval battle in the Pacific, marking a turning point in favor of the Allies.

Sacco and Vanzetti Case

A high-profile trial that highlighted anti-immigrant sentiment, involving two Italian anarchists executed despite lack of evidence.