Architecture and Internet Infrastructure

These flashcards cover key concepts related to architecture, internet infrastructure, and cybersecurity as discussed in the lecture.

Computing Hardware

Physical components of information technology which includes the computer and peripherals like storage devices, input devices, and output devices.

Software

Computer programs or collections of programs that can be called applications.

Operating Systems

Software that controls computing hardware, providing a common set of controls for managing hardware and facilitating user interaction.

Firmware

Software stored on non-volatile memory chips.

Embedded System

Special purpose software designed and included inside physical products, which is not a full computer.

Distributed Computing

A form of computing where systems in different locations communicate and collaborate to complete a task.

Server

A program that fulfills requests from a client or the hardware configured to support requests from other computers.

Client

A software program that makes requests of a server program.

Architecture

The process of developing methodical tech specifications, models, and guidelines.

Platform

A common technology term used for various computing environments, standards, and marketplaces.

Enterprise Architecture Goals

The objectives for enterprise architecture, which include operability, usability, availability, flexibility, maintainability, scalability, interoperability, portability, and security.

Application Server

Software that houses business logic for use and reuse by multiple applications.

Database Server

Software that manages database management and provides access and storage for data.

Web Services

Small pieces of code accessed via the application server that permits machine-to-machine interaction over a network.

API

Application Programming Interface, guidelines that tell programs how to access and use services.

Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)

A set of web services built around an organization’s processes and procedures.

Internet

A network of networks designed to be redundant and fault-tolerant.

URL

Uniform Resource Locator, identifying resources on the internet with the protocol needed to retrieve it.

HTTP

Hypertext Transfer Protocol, the application transfer protocol that allows communication between web browsers and web servers.

IP Address

A value used to identify a device connected to the internet.

DNS

Domain Name Services, an internet directory service that allows devices and services to be named and discoverable.

Cybersecurity

The practice of protecting systems and networks from digital attacks.

Malware

Software designed to disrupt, damage, or gain unauthorized access to computer systems.

Phishing

A technique used to trick people into revealing sensitive information via electronic communication.

Encryption

The process of scrambling data using a code to hide it from unauthorized users.