Lesson 2

NIPH (National institute of public health)

This was adopted form —

• Identify the technology

• Define objectives (research question)

• Evidence collection (clinical, economic, patient reported outcome data)

• Data analysis (evaluate the effectiveness, safety, and cost implicatins)

• Stakeholder engagement

• Reporting and recommendation

KEY STEPS IN CONDUCTING HTA

• RCTs

• Observational studies (meta nalayses, systematic reviews)

• Real world evince (patient registries, claims data)

HTA relies on high-quality evidence to assess the benefits, risks, and costs of healthcare interventions.

• What are the sources of evidence

Recall

Recall levels of evidences

Ideas, opinions

Lowest quality because it belongs to expret opinions mainly for personal or subjective benefit. So it is prone to bias

True

True or false

• Case reports tackles on one patient, series on multiple cases. Case series still has no comparison, having a lower quality of evidence

tr

RCTs

The patient are randomly assigned to control or placebo, best for cause and effect. There is also no bias especially in double blind

• Reduces uncertainty in healthcare decision making

• Promotes transparency and accountability in resource allocation

• Enhances patient outcomes through safe and effective interventions

Importance of Evidence-Based HTA

Economic evaluations

— analyze costs and outcomes of health interventions to determine value for money.

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA)

Compares costs per unit of health outcome (e.g., cost per Quality-Adjusted Life Year ).

Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA)

Converts outcomes into monetary terms to compare with costs.

Quality-Adjusted Life Year ( QALY)

is a measure used in Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA) that shows how much extra life, and how good that life is, from a health intervention.

One

One QALY = — year of life in perfect health

incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER)

ICER is the framework for solving QALY. It is measured in natural units (e.g. life years saved)

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA)

Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA)

• Identifies risk and benefits to ensur e patient safety

• Supports regulatory decision

• Guides healthcare providers in treatment selection

Importance of Clinical Assessments

• Why it matters:

• Clinical trials

• Comparative effectiveness resasech

• Post market surveillance fo r adverse effects

Clinical Effectiveness and Safety Assessments evaluates whether a technology improves health outcomes and is safe for use in the target population. What are the key aspects?

• Combine clinical, economic, and social data

• Use multidisciplinary teams for evaluation

• Priotize stakeholder engagement and transparency

Integrating Frameworks and Methodologies in HTA steps:

Recall

Recall

• Physicians/pharmacists

• Health economists

• Epidemiologists and biostatisticians

• Ethicists and egla experts

• Publi chealth experts and patient representatives

Who are the members of the HTA council

Universal Health Care (UHC) Law

The Health Technology Assessment Council engages stakeholders to ensure decisions under the —