terrorism final

Excessive fear is produced by

• cognitive bias

• information comes from politicians with an intrest in excessive fear

vital point

t is not the most serious issue a state has

When a threat is prolonged gov use different policies (5)

• deter thru punishment

• security forces 2 identify and catch t

• reduce vulnerablity of pot targets

• addressing symbolic needs

• tackle root casue

how did 9/11 affect investigations and prosecutions of pot. terrorist

• Detectives jumping to conclusions based on race or ethnicity

• LE makes rash decisions unlawfully just to please the public

• Sting operations became much more common

  • part of the gov strat for “preventative prosecutions

Entrapment

A government agent or informant induces a person to commit a crime they otherwise couldn’t commit

• legal standard to prove this is very HIGH

• law gives the government the benefit of the doubt

Two attributes of U.S that reduces real terrorism risk

• strong liberal democratic instituions, undermine motivations for political violence

• a strong economy and gov capacity

Vulnerability vs risk

vulnerability is the possibility of harm

risk is the probability

DHS mission

prevent terrorist attack

reduce vulnerability

minimize damage and recover

Security theater

measure that do not provide real security, but a sense of security

• does not affect risk, but perception of risk

  • ex. seals on med bottles

  • increased fear without increased security could be a downside

What is the global war on terror

a multi demential campaign of limitless scope that impacted all regions

What are the dimensions of global war on terror

• military

• intelligence: surveillance

• law: anti-terror

• discourse: framing

• diplomatic: country cooperation

• domestic: DHS

Successes of war on terror include

• Killing bin laden

• Taking down regimes in Iraq and Afgan

• Increased international cooperation

• disruption of al queda

Critics of war on terror say

• vast resources spent (opportunity cost- money spent elsewhere)

  • brought about the recession in 2008

• human suffering

• damage to human rights

• destabilizing impacts on the international system, thought liberation would have a domino effect. It didn’t

  • Overall, self-deprecatory and ineffective

military industrial complex warning

Eisenhower in his farewell address, warned the american people about the growing connetion between corporations and the military, which poses a threat to democracy

• warning of a rise in the national security state and misappropriation of scarce resources

Eisenhower and opportunity cost

Money spent building weapons is money not spent on food, schools, and healthcare

What is the military industrial complex

A set of actors in the pentagon, think tanks, congress, academics, and defense industry with a common inetrest in high military spending and thus public fear that justifies it

What is military metaphysics

the mindset that defines international reality as military

Who has power over the budget

congress

U.S defined counterterrorism as a

military struggle

Political engineering

Defense companies appeal to congress by bringing jobs to home states

• every part is built in different state or country

Key mechanism of MIC

political engineering

Concurrency

project starts before test is complete

• results in lack of peace and prosperity

technological determinism

idea that mass destructive weapons are spreading to every country fast (NOT TRUE, its decreasing)

Friedmans suggested solutions to MIC

• transparency in spending

• use cost-benifit analysis

• good public attitudes

• avoid security theater

HLS policy is shaped by

• human psychology

• political incentives

• media narratives

• bureaucratic interests

anchoring

people stick to their first impression of risk

availability heuristic

vivid, emotional, and memorable images (twin towers falling) makes people belive attacks are more likely

representativeness

people think complex terrorist plots are sommon bc theu resemble dramatic scenarious they've hears

Dread

involuntary uncontrollable, catastrophic risks feel scarier than everyday risk

loss aversion

people overvalue eliminating a small risk (terrorism) at an enormous cost

airpower theory

destruction of critical economic nodes can lessen a nations industrial output and force surrender

what does the intelligence dimension of war on terror entail

• track and intercept terriorist financing (sanctions)

• global intelligence gathering (guantanomeo bay, black cites)

  • labeled enemy combatants go they do not have domestic or international rights

• new intelligence programs

what is the military aspect of war on terror

• attacking iraq and afgan

• training and supplying our allies against al queda

what is the diplomatic dimension of war on terror

• involves effort to maintain a global coalition of partner states and organizations

• aid programs

• revitalize our soft power

• measures counteracting americanism (comercials in iraq)

legal dimension of war on terror

• introduction of domestic counterterrorism legislation to almost every country

• International convention restricting terrorist activities

the domestic dimension of war on terror

• Changed terror laws after 9/11 to include new counter-terrorism agencies and measures

• led to the creation of DHS

• USA patriot Act: increased the surveillance powers available to US gov, provide nationwide search warrants, deporation of immigrants accused of raising money for terrorist org

what is regime of truth

• widespread international acceptance and the use of dominant narratives about 9/11 as act of war

• construction of counterterrorism policies that perpetuate this dominant understanding of terror

what is the discursive dimension

• commonsense view of terrorism and its solution

• regime of truth: dominante narative of 9/11 and construction of counterterrorism policies that occur from this narative

measures for determing entrapment

suggestion: who introduced the crime

motivation: was there a reward for committing

resources: who got them

pressure: intense presuasion, religios incentives

Policy after OKC vs. 9/11

Investigated the right-wing extremists without entrapment

After 9/11, entrapment of jihadists became very common

• mass amounts of moeny was being spent on counterterrorism so the gov needed to show it was being used wisely by arresting a lot of ppl