[CHEM] Quantum Numbers & Electron Configuration

For my personal self-study use. Electron configuration and whatnot.

quantum numbers

n (principal quantum number), l (angular momentum quantum number), m_l (magnetic quantum number), m_s (spin quantum number)

n

principal quantum number; represents the energy level of an electron in an atom in positive integers

l

angular momentum quantum number/azimuthal quantum number; determines the shape of the orbital; numbers anywhere from 0 → (n-1)

m_l

magnetic quantum number; describes the orientation of the orbital’s shape; numbers anywhere from -l … l

m_s

spin quantum number; describes the spin orientation of the electron; values -1/2 or 1/2

l = 0

s orbital

l = 1

p orbital

l = 2

d orbital

l = 3

f orbital

electron configuration

notation that describes the distribution of electrons among the orbitals of an atom

s subshell orbital count

one orbital which holds two electrons

p subshell orbital count

three orbitals which holds six electrons (two each)

d subshell orbital count

five orbitals which holds ten electrons (two each)

f subshell orbital count

seven orbitals which holds fourteen electrons (two each)

Pauli exclusion principle

no two electrons in the same atom have the same four quantum numbers (i.e., a. no more than two electrons in the same orbital and b. electrons in the same orbital have opposite spin values).

Hund’s rule

the lowest energy arrangement is the one with the greatest number of unpaired electrons; every orbital in a sublevel is occupied by one electron before electrons double up in an orbital

Aufbau principle

electrons fill orbitals from lowest-energy to highest-energy

exchange interaction

ground state electron configuration will have all unpaired electrons having the same spin (written typically in “spin up”)

identify the s block on the periodic table by color

yellow

identify the p block on the periodic table by color

teal

identify the d block on the periodic table by color

pink

identify the f block on the periodic table by color

blue