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Single-Factor Designs

Experimental designs that involve one independent variable, which can be either a between-subjects or within-subjects factor.

Independent Groups Design

A type of between-subjects design where participants are randomly assigned to different levels of the independent variable.

Matched Groups Design

A design that involves matching participants on certain characteristics to create equivalent groups.

Ex Post Facto Design

A design where a subject variable is treated as an independent variable when the researcher cannot manipulate it.

Repeated Measures Design

A within-subjects design where all participants are exposed to all levels of the independent variable.

One-way ANOVA

A statistical analysis used to determine if there are any statistically significant differences between the means of three or more independent groups.

Post Hoc Analysis

Statistical tests conducted after an ANOVA to determine which specific group means are different.

Placebo Control Group

A group of participants who believe they are receiving treatment but are actually given an inactive substance.

Yoked Control Group

A control group whose participants are matched with experimental group participants in terms of treatment duration or conditions.

Nonlinear Effects

Effects that do not follow a straight line, indicating that the relationship between variables is complex.

Ebbinghaus Forgetting Curve

A graphical representation showing how information is lost over time when there is no attempt to retain it.

Interval or Ratio Scale Data

Types of data used in statistical analysis, where measurements are taken at equal intervals (interval) or have a true zero point (ratio).

Homogeneity of Variance

An assumption that the variance among the groups should be approximately equal during statistical tests.

Double-Blind Procedure

An experimental method in which both researchers and participants are unaware of the group assignments to prevent bias.