History Unit 1

Great Compromise

Great Compromise

compromise that created the Senate and House of Representatives, all states had equal reps in the senate and population decided rep in the house

3/5 Compromise

Decided that 3/5 of a states slaves would be counted as population to address concerns about representation decided by population

the Land Ordinance of 1785

A plan for dividing the western lands. Gov would survey the land and divide it into townships of 36 sq miles, each township would be divided into 36 sections. An individual family could buy a section for a good price, this way settlements would spread across the western territories in an orderly way.

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Federal order that divided the Northwest Territory into smaller territories and created a plan for how the territories could become states.

Shay's Rebellion

Led by Daniel Shay-farmers and revolutionary war veterans rebelled against courts in opposition to high taxes and unpayable debt after the war. Caused the gov. to realize that a stronger gov. was needed.

Madison Virginia Plan

Wanted representation in Congress based on population, this satisfied the large states but small states didn't support bc large states would have more power, 2 house legislature

William Patterson/New Jersey Plan

proposed a single-house congress in which each state had an equal vote

Legislative Branch

The branch of government that makes laws; the U.S. Congress

Judicial Branch

Interprets the laws(think judges the laws)

Executive Branch

Enforces laws, biggest branch, includes president.

Checks and Balances

A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power.

Bill of Rights

First 10 amendments to the Constitution, developed because Anti-Federalists opposed the Constitution because it didn't directly protect their rights and equality, so the Bill of Rights had to be made

Federalists

Agreed with the constitution and balance of power, leading federalists included George Washington, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton.

Anti-Federalists

Were against the Constitution because they didn't want such a strong central gov. Leading Anti-Federalists included Patrcik Henry, Samuel Adams, and Richard Henry Lee.

Federalist Papers

A collection of 85 articles written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison under the name "Publius" to defend the Constitution in detail and support it's ratification. Provided an analysis on Constitutional provisions, like the separation of powers and limits on the power of majorities.

New England Colonies

Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire

New England Colonies founding reasons

For religious freedom, didn't want to be with Virginia who just wanted to make money. Make own churches

New England Climate/Geography

Cold winters, winter hurricanes, short growing season

New England economic activities

Fishing, trade, shipbuilding

Middle Colonies

New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware

Middle Colonies Geography/Climate

Wet springs, late frosts, frigid weather, rich soil

Middle Colonies Economic Activities

Docks, furs, wheat, shoes, glass, livestock, shipping, shipbuilding, rum, beer, snuff, trade, foodstuffs, copper, flax

Southern Colonies

Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia

Southern Colonies founding reasons

Looking for money/gold, discovered tobacco

Southern Colonies Geography/Climate

Hot, swampy, droughts, lot of rain, long growing season

Southern Colonies Economic Activities

Slaved labor, grew tobacco + indigo, harvested lumber

Alexander Hamilton

BIG federalist- doesn't trust the people, wanted a big standing army, wanted a diverse economy, big business, loose interpretation of the Constitution, Big bank

Thomas Jefferson

Democratic-republican, trusts the people (farmers, landowners, "stakeholders"), doesn't want super powerful gov. wanted an agricultural economy, wanted states to have power, small farmer, small debts to be paid, strict interpretation of the Constitution.

Yorktown

in 1781 during the American Revolution the British under Cornwallis surrendered after a siege of three weeks by American and French troops, last battle of the war

Tyranny

Cruel and oppressive government or rule

Marbury v. Madison

This case establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review-the power of the Court to invalidate laws enacted by Congress if it is determined that those laws are not consistent with the U.S. Constitution.

Mercantilism

An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought

French and Indian War

(1754-1763) War fought in the colonies between the English and the French for possession of the Ohio Valley area. The English won.

Stamp Act, Tea Act, Townsend Act

Lead to protests and demonstrations against taxation without representation

Intolerable Acts

in response to Boston Tea Party, 4 acts passed in 1774, Port of Boston closed, reduced power of assemblies in colonies, permitted royal officers to be tried elsewhere, provided for quartering of troop's in barns and empty houses

Boston Tea Party

A 1773 protest against British taxes in which Boston colonists disguised as Mohawks dumped valuable tea into Boston Harbor.

Common Sense by Thomas Paine

powerful pamphlet telling the colonists to break free. British were trying to destroy colonies' natural rights. Government is there to protect life liberty and property. Power came from people, not kings. Colonies don't benefit from British Empire.

Federalism

A system in which power is divided between the national and state governments, the sharing of power

Popular Sovereignty

A belief that ultimate power resides in the people, consent of the governed, we can vote

Limited Government

The idea that certain restrictions should be placed on government to protect the natural rights of citizens. Certain rights/liberties that the gov. can't interfere with and must respect.

Judicial Review

Allows the court to determine the constitutionality of laws