situation in which people acting individually and in their own interest use up commonly available but limited resources, creating disaster for the entire community
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Externality
the cost or benefit of a good or service that is not included in the purchase price of that good or service
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maximum sustainable yield (MSY)
the maximum amount of a renewable resource that can be harvested without compromising the future availability of that resource
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resource conservation ethic
People should maximize resource use based on the greatest good for everyone.
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multiple-use lands
A U.S. classification used to designate lands that may be used for recreation, grazing, timber harvesting, and mineral extraction.
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BLM Lands (Bureau of Land Management)
grazing, mining, timber harvesting, and recreation (multiple-use land)
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USFS Lands (United States Forest Service)
timber harvesting, grazing, and recreation (multiple-use land)
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NPS Lands (National Parks Service)
recreation and conservation (multiple-use land)
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FWS Lands (Fish & Wildlife Services)
wildlife conservation, hunting, and recreation
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rangelands
dry, open grasslands (primarily used for cattle grazing)
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forests
land dominated by trees and other woody vegetation and sometimes used for commercial logging
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clear-cutting
involves removing all, or almost all, the trees within an area
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selective cutting
Removes single trees or relatively small number of trees from among many in a forest
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ecologically sustainable forestry
logging with an approach of maintaining all species-both plants and animals-in as close to their natural state as possible
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tree plantation
a large area typically planted with a single rapidly growing tree species
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perscribed burn
A fire deliberately set under controlled conditions in order to reduce the accumulation of dead biomass on a forest floor
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National Environmental Policy Act
(1969) Environmental Impact Statements must be done before any project affecting federal lands can be started
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Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)
outlines the scope and purpose of the project, describes the environmental context, suggests alternative approaches to the project, and analyzes the environmental impact of each alternative.
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Environmental mitigation statement
how it will address the project's environmental impact.
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Endangered Species Act
(1973) identifies threatened and endangered species and their habitats in the U.S., and puts their protection ahead of economic considerations
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Taylor Grazing Act
A United States federal law that regulates and permits grazing on federal public land.
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national wildlife refuge
a federal public land managed for the primary purpose of protecting wildlife
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national wilderness area
An area set aside with the intent of preserving a large tract of intact ecosystem or a landscape.
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suburban
An area surrounding a metropolitan center, with a comparatively low population density.
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exuburan
areas similar to suburban areas but are not connected to any central city or densely populated area.
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urban sprawl
the creation of unurbanized areas that spread into rural areas and remove clear boundaries between the two.
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urban blight
The degradation of the built and social environments of the city that often accompanies and accelerates migration to the suburbs
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Highway Trust Fund
A U.S. federal fund that pays for the construction and maintenance of roads and highways (allows people to live farther from where they work).
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induced demand
an increase in the supply of a good causes demand to grow
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zoning
separating business and industry from residential neighborhoods to create quieter, safer communities.
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smart growth
Focuses on strategies that encourage the Development of sustainable, healthy communities
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multi-use zoning
allows retail and high-density residential development to coexist in the same area
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infill
Development that fills in vacant lots within existing communities
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urban growth boundaries
place restrictions on development outside a designated area
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stakeholders
people with an interest in a particular place or issue
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transit-oriented development
Development that attempts to focus dense residential and retail development around stops for public transportation, a component of smart growth.
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old growth
uncut forest; undisturbed for several hundred-thousands of years. -25%
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second growth
stands of trees resulting from secondary succession - (clear-cutting, farming, fires, volcanic eruptions) - 70%
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logging exposes forest to…
soil erosion, invasive species, habitat fragmentation, sediment pollution, and disease
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Healthy Forest Initiative Act
Reduce destructive wildfires by allowing the harvesting of timber in National forests by logging companies. Concern; can lead to habitat loss.
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Purpose of fires
reduce dead biomass, introduce more soil nutrients, invasive species control, blackened soil; more solar energy absorption, etc.
Studied by 29 people
Note 
Flashcard (29)