neonatal brain review

Blood between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater is called as

a. Subarachnoid hematoma

b. Subdural hematoma

c. Epidural hematoma

d. Intraparenchymal hematoma

Subarachnoid hematoma

The etiology of a porencephalic cyst is which of the following?

a. intracranial infection

b. infarction

c. intracranial hemorrhage

d. trauma

intracranial hemorrhage

What is the softening of the white matter of the brain that occurs with ischemia called?

a. Holoprosencephaly

b. Leukomalacia

c. Hydrocephalus

d. Intraventricular hemorrhage

Leukomalacia

This is an anechoic, fluid-filled space between the anterior horns of the lateral ventricles.

a. Cavum septum vergae

b. Cavum septum pellucidum

c. Posterior ventricle

d. Fourth ventricle

Cavum septum pellucidum

A sonogram of the neonatal head in a preterm infant demonstrates echogenic material filling a dilated right lateral ventricle. The lining of the ventricle is thickened and echogenic as well. What grade of GM-IVH would be assigned to this patient?

a. Grade I

b. Grade II

c. Grade III

d. Grade IV

Grade III

The function of the cerebellum is to

a. make cerebrospinal fluid.

b. provide balance and equilibrium to the body.

c. provide functions such as speech and memory.

d. store the brain’s sensory receptors.

provide balance and equilibrium to the body.

Which of the following best describes periventricular leukomalacia?

a. A disorder of premature newborns characterized by highly echogenic solid lesions in the parenchyma

b. Ischemic lesions of neonatal brain characterized by necrosis of periventricular white matter.

c. A disorder of premature newborns characterized by the increase in vascularity in the periventricular white matter.

d. An infection disorder with a decrease in definition of the parenchymal structures.

Ischemic lesions of neonatal brain characterized by necrosis of periventricular white matter.

The cisterna magna appears sonographically as

a. Echogenic space superior to cerebellum

b. Echogenic space inferior to cerebellum

c. Echo free space superior to cerebellum

d. Echo free space inferior to cerebellum

Echo free space inferior to cerebellum

The largest component of the central nervous system is the

a. cerebrum.

b. cerebellum.

c. frontal lobe.

d. basal ganglia.

cerebrum

Which of the following is least associated with complete agenesis of the corpus callosum

a. Absence of corpus callosum

b. Wide separation of lateral ventricles

c. Displacement of third ventricle

d. Enlarged septum pellucidum

Enlarged septum pellucidum

Vascular pulsations are sometimes seen in the sylvian fissure, which most likely represent the

a. anterior cerebral arteries

b. posterior cerebral arteries

c. basilar artery

d. middle cerebral arteries

middle cerebral arteries

Which of the following acoustic windows provides the best approach for visualizing cerebellar hemorrhage?

a. Mastoid fontanelle

b. Anterior fontanelle

c. Posterior fontanelle

d. Superficial fontanelle

Anterior fontanelle

Which of the following does not occur as a result of a vein of Galen malformation

a. Cardiac failure

b. Quadrigeminal cyst

c. Enlarged vessels

d. Hydrocephalus

Quadrigeminal cyst

What region of the lateral ventricular system is the first to dilate in hydrocephalous?

a. The third ventricle

b. Occipital horn

c. Frontal horn

d. Temporal horn

Occipital horn

What is the main function of the meninges and the CSF?

a. To secrete WBC

b. To maintain the blood pressure in the system

c. To protect the brain and the spinal cord

d. To maintain the homeostasis

To protect the brain and the spinal cord

Thalamus is situated on either side of the

a. fourth ventricle

b. cerebellum

c. Third ventricle

d. lateral ventricle

Third ventricle

The anechoic midline brain structure located between the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles is the

a. cavum vergae

b. corpus callosum

c. cavum septum pellucidum

d. Fourth ventricle

cavum septum pellucidum

If dense echogenic material is seen in the ventricle,it is called as

a. Intraventricular hemorrhage

b. Intraparenchymal hemorrhage

c. Subarachnoid hemorrhage

d. Subependymal hemorrhage

Intraventricular hemorrhage

Which is not part of the ventricles

a. Cavum septum pellucidum

b. Occipital horn

c. Atrium

d. Third ventricle

Cavum septum pellucidum

Which of the following is NOT contained in the posterior fossa?

a. Third ventricle

b. Fourth ventricle

c. Cerebellum

d. Brainstem

Third ventricle

The cerebellum is separated from the occipital lobe of the cerebrum by

a. Interhemispheric fissure

b. Tentorium

c. Cerebellar vermis

d. Parieto occipital sulcus

Tentorium

What is the main commissure that connects the two cerebral hemispheres?

a. Choroid plexus

b. Corpus Callosum

c. Vermis

d. Sylvian fissure

Corpus Callosum

A dilatation of the ventricular system that results from impairment of cerebral spinal fluid dynamics or brain parenchymal loss is called:

a. Anencephaly

b. Holoprosencephaly

c. Porencephaly

d. Hydrocephalus

Hydrocephalus

Neural tube differentiates into

a. Neural plate

b. CNS

c. Peripheral nervous system

d. Neural crest

CNS

Hydranencephaly is defined as a

a. Holospheric cerebrum

b. Posterior fossa cyst

c. Congenital cystic dilatation of the fourth ventricle

d. Head largely filed with fluid and a severe loss of cerebral tissue

Head largely filed with fluid and a severe loss of cerebral tissue

Which of the following is the primary acoustic window used to image the neonatal brain?

a. Mastoid fontanelle

b. Anterior fontanelle

c. Posterior fontanelle

d. Superficial fontanelle

Anterior fontanelle

Another name for the forebrain is

a. Prosencephalon

b. Rhombencepahlon

c. Mesencephalon

Prosencephalon

Acute neonatal brain hemorrhage appears ____

a. Anechoic

b. Hypoechoic

c. Echogenic

d. Complex

Echogenic

The foramen between the third and fourth ventricle is the

a. cerebral aqueduct

b. foramen of Monro

c. foramen of Magendie

d. foramen of Luschka

cerebral aqueduct

The three parts of the brain stem are all except

a. Medulla oblongata

b. Pons

c. Midbrain

d. Cerebrum

Cerebrum