Everything please help me

Exteroreceptors ( cutaneous + special senses)

Receive stimuli from external environment

Interoreceptors (visceroreceptors)

Receive stimuli from internal organs

Proprioceptors

Detect internal receptors but are only in muscles, tendons, and joint capsules

Photoreceptors

Respond to light

Thermoreceptors

Respond to temperature change

Mechanoreceptors

Detects physical deformation of cell or tissue

Nociceptors

Respond to changes that might cause tissue damage

Chemoreceptors

Respond to stimulation by chemical substances

Unencapsulated nerve endings

Dendrites not wrapped in connective tissue

Free nerve endings

Respond to pain, heat, cold

Tactile discs

Unencapsulated receptors in basal layer of epithelium, responds to light touch pressure

Hair receptors

Surround base of hair follicles and monitor hair movement in response to light touch

Encapsulated nerve endings

Sensory dendritic fibers encased in connective tissue or glial cells

Tactile (Meissner) corpuscles

In hairless areas of skin like fingertips

End bulbs

like tactile corpuscles but in mucous membranes

Lamellar corpuscles

In dermis, joint capsules, responds to deep pressure stretch vibration

Bulbous corpuscles

Respond to heavy touch pressure skin stretching

Receptive field

Area where a stimulus is deteced by a sensory receptor

Tactile localization

Ability to locate the area where its receiving tactile stimuli

2 pt touch discrimination

Ability to tell diff btwn 2 pts of contact

Sensory adapation

Responsiveness of a receptor changes with prolonged stimulation

Phasic receptors

Adapt very quickly like hair receptors and lamellar corpuscles

Tonic receptors

Adapt slowly like proprioceptors and nociceptors

Referred pain

Feeling pain somehwere far away from the stimulus

Eardrum

Tympanic membrane

Ossicles

Malleus Incus Stapes; Hammer anvil stirrup

Middle ear

oval window

Cochlea

Converts virbations into neural signals

Cochlea is divided into

Vestibular and Basilar membrane

Organ of corti has what cells

Hair

Otitis media

Middle ear infection

Presbycusis

Most common cause of sensorineural hearing loss

Three eye layers

Fibrous, Vascular, Nervous

Sclera

Tough white connective tissue

Cornea

Allows light to enter eye

Choroid

Thin vascular membrane between sclera and retina

Ciliary body is made up of…

Ciliary processes and ciliary muscles

Ciliary processess do what?

Hold lens in place

Ciliary muscles do what?

Controls shape of lens

Lens has what cells

Epithelial cells

Iris does what

Regulates amount of light entering the eye through constriction or dilation

Retina contains what cells

light sensitive cells, rods and cones

Cones are responsible for what vision

Color

Where are cones found

Macula lutea

What are rods responsible for

Black and white vision

Area in macula lutea with most visual acuity

Fovea centralis

Blind spot is when… and its called?

Optic nerve leaves eye, optic disk

Three chambers of eye

Anterior, posterior, vitreous

What does aquores humor do

Nourish lens and cornea

What does vitreous humor do

Maintain pressure and shape of eyeball

Emmetropia

Refracted light lands directly on retina

Myopia

Nearsightedness, eyeball is too long so the light falls in front of the retina

Astigmatism

Abnormal curvature of lens

Presbyopia

Lens get harder and less flexible making it harder to focus

Gustatory cells

Specializied neurons in taste buds

Facial, Glossopharyngeal and Vagus pass to…

Medulla, thalamus, parietal, cerebral cortex