TExES Social Studies 7-12 (232) World History Competency 003 (B Eastern Europe (Russia) China, Japan)

Russian Empire

This broke free of the Mongol Empire with Muscovite princes taking control of this eliminating the authority of local princes

Ivan III

He was grand prince of Moscow who developed a policy that encouraged Cossacks (peasants) to settle in the lands that he had conquered

Moscow

This was established as the capital of the new Russian Empire

Ivan the Terrible

Russian czar who continued to expand the empire to consolidate the czar's absolute authority

Ivan the Terrible

He sought to eliminate opposition to his authority by killing boyars (Russian nobles) he suspected of disloyalty and confiscating their lands

Romanov's

They ruled Russia until 1917 and were the last royal czar family of Russia

Mikhail Romanov

Following a period of civil unrest in Russia, his election as czar established the new royal family

Romanov's

Encouraged Russification and allegiance to the Eastern Orthodox Chrch

Russification

This is a form of cultural assimilation where these communities, voluntarily or not, gave up their culture and language in favor of the Russian one with the major areas being in politics and culture.

Russification

This term referes to both official and unofficial policies of Imperial Russia and the Soviet Union

Peter the Great

Russian czar best known for centralizing his authority and bringing Western ideas to the Russian Empire

Peter the Great

In an attempt to modernize the empire he traveled West and brought beck new ideas about science and technology and sent Russians abroad to learn about military and industrial techniques

Peter the Great

Though he introduced a great many reforms that changed Russia economically and socially he remained autocratic through divine right.

Peter the Great

He modernized the army and navy and extended social freedoms to women and encouraged society to look more western by shaving beards and wearing western clothing.

St. Petersburg

This is located on the Baltic Sea and was established as the capital of the Russian Empire by Peter the Great

St. Petersburg

This served as a visible symbol of Russia's efforts to modernize as well as the affirmation of absolute authority of the czar

St. Petersburg

This was also known as the window to the west since Europeans were welcomed with their ideas of knowledge in science and technology

Catherine the Great

Continued Peter the Greats policy of modernization while ensuring the absolute authority of the monarch

Catherine the Great

Under this rule the empire was expanded by gaining territory from the Ottoman Empire and taking control of Alaska

Catherine the Great

Under this rule the empire gained control of a warm water port and took control of Poland

Enlightened Despot

Catherin the Great was also known as this for building schools, hospitals, tolerance of different religions, yet remained committed as an autocratic ruler.

Serfdom

Peasants in Russia were forced into this as a result of unpaid debts.

Serfdom

This provided a labor source for Russian based agrarian economy

Serfs

They were tied to the land and though not slaves they could be sold

Serfs

Czars passed laws limiting the rights of these in large part to gain favor of the nobility

Matteo Ricci

This Jesuit scholar from Europe traveled to the Ming court as a representative of Western efforts to bring Christianity to the East and the hopes of Missionaries to win approval of Chinese emperors

Ming Dynasty

Revived the civil service exams and encouraged the creation of extensive scholar-bureaucrat class responsible for governing the empire

Ming Dynasty

They revived the Confucian traditions encouraging the subordination of women

Ming Dynasty

Widows were not permitted to remarry under this empire and foot binding became increasingly more popular

Yongle Encyclopedia

Developed during the Ming Dynasty this is a collection of Chinese philosophy, literature, and history prompting an increase in literacy

Ming Dynasty

Their economic policies led to an increase in commercial activity and an increase in population

Ming Dynasty

The Chinese merchant grew in wealth and power during this reign and the prosperity was reflected in arts, literature, calligraphy, and landscape art

Single Whip Tax System

This was a policy put forth by the Ming requiring a single national tax where all taxes were paid in the form of silver

Single Whip Tax System

This policy under the Ming had global implications as China had to fulfill the demand for silver which made its way in to the country by Japan and the Americas

Great Wall

Originally designed to keep the invading Mongols out this was completed under Ming;

Forbidden City

This is located in modern-day Beijing and was the capital of the Ming and Qing empires

Forbidden City

This was an imperial city that contained hundreds of buildings, courtyards, and halls

Forbidden City

Members of the imperial family, concubines, court eunuchs were permitted to enter the Inner Court here

Qing Dynasty

Manchus from the north, non-Han peoples, invaded China and claimed the Mandate of Heaven ruling until 1911

Qing Dynasty

This empire taught Manchu rulers Confucian beliefs and applied these principles to governing China

Qing Dynasty

They followed the political example of Ming ruling through a highly centralized system of scholar-bureaucrats

Westernization

Some regions responded to this by isolating themselves as was the case in Japan

Tokugawa Period

The Portuguese arrived in Japan during this time establishing a commercial relationship

Tokugawa Period

Commercial trade with the Portuguese during this time introduced Japan to firearms

Tokugawa Period

When Christian missionaries arrived during this period in Japan the shogunate banned guns and swords and restricted contact with foreigners

Tokugawa Period

A series of seclusion acts were passed to ban missionary activities and religion since it was believed Christianity and guns would lead to instability

Pax Tokugawa

As a result of the self imposed isolation from limited trade with Dutch and Chinese and travel abroad this became known as a 300 year peaceful period in Japans history

Tokugawa Period

Under this regime Japan had become unified leading to the establishment of a military government led by a shogun

Shoguns

These were supreme military leaders that sought to centralize their authority and maintain stability

Daimyo

In prior periods these landowning families were allowed to gain power and rule independent of the emperor however the shogun centralized authority taking power away from them

Edo

This was the imperial court of modern-day Tokyo

Pax Tokugawa

Peace during this brought immense stability and changes to include new crops and population increases with merchants benefiting greatly

Pax Tokugawa

The samurai and daimyo classes previously involved in fighting civil wars concentrated their time and wealth on new endeavors to include the arts

Pax Tokugawa

Cities during this time became the centers of new cultural traditions including Kabuki theater