Biology Unit 2 Study Guide

Cells

Basic unit of life; all living things are made of cells.

Reproduce

Living things can produce offspring or seeds.

Grow and Develop

Living things undergo changes and growth over time.

Energy Use (Metabolism)

Living things require energy for their activities; humans eat for energy.

Atoms

Smallest unit of matter; building blocks of all substances.

Element

Pure substance made of one type of atom (e.g., Oxygen, Carbon).

Molecule

Two or more atoms bonded together (e.g., H₂O).

Covalent Bond

Bond that forms when atoms share electrons.

Monomer

Building block of a macromolecule.

Polymer

Many monomers joined together.

Carbohydrate

Macromolecule that provides quick energy; includes sugars.

Protein

Macromolecule made of amino acids; functions include enzyme activity and muscle formation.

Nucleic Acid

Macromolecule that stores genetic information; includes DNA and RNA.

Lipids

Macromolecules that consist of fats and oils, used for long-term energy storage.

Polarity of Water

Water has charged sides due to uneven sharing of electrons.

Hydrogen Bond

Weak attraction between different water molecules.

Cohesion

Water's ability to stick to itself, resulting in surface tension.

Adhesion

Water's ability to stick to other substances, aiding in processes like capillary action.

Universal Solvent

Water’s ability to dissolve many substances, facilitating biochemical reactions.

Ionic Bond

Bond formed when one atom donates electrons to another, creating charged ions.