Skeleton System and Bone Histology

Flashcards about the basics of the skeleton system, including bone histology and different types of bones.

What two components make up bone?

Bone cells and matrix

What makes up the axial skeleton?

Skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum

What is the function of osteoblasts?

Bone forming cells

What is the function of osteoclasts?

Bone removing cells

What is the function of osteocytes?

Regulate the formation of new bone and the resorption of old bone

What are examples of long bones?

Humerus, ulna, radius femur, tibia, fibula

Where are short bones found?

Carpal (wrist) and tarsal (ankle) bones

Where are flat bones found?

Vault of skull , Scapula, sternum & ribs

Give an example of a sesamoid bone:

Patella

Name of bones with hollow space filled with air:

Pneumatic bones

Where is compact bone found?

Diaphysis of long bone

Where is spongy bone found?

Flat bones , ends of long bone

What are the layers of periosteum?

Outer fibrous layer and inner cellular (osteogenic) layer

What are lacunae?

Spaces between the lamellae

What is the function of canaliculi?

Connect lacunae of adjacent side, contain processes of osteocytes

What is the Haversian canal?

A canal in the center of each osteon

What do Haversian canals convey?

Blood vessels and nerves

What are Volkmann's canals?

Canals that connect Haversian canals

What is an osteon?

One Haversian canal surrounded by lamella

What are interstitial lamellae?

Remnants of destroyed osteons

What is Scurvy?

Vitamin C deficiency

What is Rickets?

Vitamin D deficiency in children

What is Osteomalacia?

Inadequate intake of vitamin D or Calcium in adults

What is Osteoporosis?

Reduction in bone density

What is the organic component of the bone matrix made of?

Collagen fibers embedded in proteins, carbohydrates, and water

What is the inorganic component of the bone matrix made of?

Mineral salts- calcium phosphate and carbonate