Communication Disorders Quiz 3

Afferent Sensory neurons:

go towards the CNS

Efferent Motor neurons

carries from the CNS

The Action Potential

an electrical impulse travels down the length of the axon

Synapse

a connection between a neuron and other neurons or cells

Neurotransmitter

goes from synaptic vesicles in the terminal

Diaphragm

relaxed (in a bowl shape), contracted (lower and flattens out)

Respiratory system

provides the airflow

Phonatory system

generates sound

Articulatory and resonatory systems:

shapes the sounds and modifies the sound quality

Larynx

above the airway or trachea.

Vocal cords (or vocal folds)

two bands of muscle tissue

Glottis

opening between vocal folds.

abducted

inhalation and exhalation

adducted

Protect the airway

• Stop airflow

Why are the vocal folds important for phonation?

• Air travels from the

lungs through the glottis

Bernoulli Effect

Airflow increases, Air pressure decreases, Suction causes vocal folds to be sucked together, Pressure builds below the closure (subglottic pressure)

When the vocal folds lengthen

higher pitches

When the vocal folds shorten

lower pitches

Resonance

how the quality of sound is modified in the vocal tract.

Articulation

process of forming speech sounds

Oral cavity

mouth (where sound is shaped by the tongue, lips, and teeth to form speech sounds like consonants and vowels)

Nasal cavity

nose (plays a role in producing nasal sounds like "m" and "n" when airflow is directed through the nose)

Pharyngeal cavity

throat (the space behind the oral and nasal cavities; it acts as a resonator for sounds produced in the vocal folds)