exam 2- chapter 20

what are the organs of the urinary system

kidney’s, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

what’s the function of the kidneys

• filter blood

• form urine

what hormone is produced by kidneys, used in blood doping

erythropoietin

what structures are a part of the renal corpuscle

glomerulus and bowman’s capsule

what are the parts of the renal tubule in order

• proximal tubule

• nephron loop (descending limb)

• nephron loop (ascending limb)

• distal tubule

what are the parts of nephron

glomerulus, bowman’s capsule, proximal tubule, descending limp, ascending limb, and distal tubule

where does reabsorption and secretion take place in the nephron

renal tubule

what happens in the kidneys of a person with diabetes mellitus

damage due to high blood sugar levels and high blood pressure, leading to diabetic nephropathy

where in the nephron does the countercurrent mechanism take place

within the loop of henele

what are the effects of ADH

• water reabsorption in the kidneys

• blood volume and BP regulation

• regulation of osmolarity

where does the secretion of ions take place

PCT and DCT

where is water actively transported at?

collecting duct

what are normal constituents of urine

• water (95%)

• urea

• uric acid, creatine, varying amounts of electrolytes, and sometimes small amounts of amino acids

what are the cause of gout

excess uric acid precipitate in the plasma and be deposited as crystals in joints

what are the symptoms of gout

sudden intense joint pain, redness, swelling, and warmth

what are the effects of aldosterone

increase sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion

whats renal clearance

the rate at which a chemical is removed from the plasma

what’s the juxtaglomerular appartus

structure in the nephron including cells in the wall of the afferent arteriole (juxtaglomerular cells) and cells in the ascending limb of the nephron loop (macula dense)

what’s the function of the juxtaglomerular appartus

helps control renin secretion

what are diuretics and what are their effects on the renal system

• water pills

• helps your kidneys remove excess salt (sodium) and water from your body through increased urine production

what are water channels in the collecting duct. under ADH influence and how they form

• aquaporins

• when adh reaches the kidney, it stimulates cells in the last portion of the distal tubules and collecting ducts to insert proteins

what effects does ANP have on the renal system

help regulate blood volume and blood pressure

what tube does urine flow through to outside of the body

urethra

where is the detrusor muscle is found

urinary bladder