Conquest and Its Impact (IB)

Conquest

The act of defeating and taking control of a territory or people.

Motivations for Conquest

Conquests were driven by economic, political, military, religious, and ideological factors.

Economic Motivations

Desire for natural resources, trade routes, and wealth that fueled conquests.

Political Motivations

Involves territorial expansion, strategic advantage, and consolidation of power.

Religious Motivations

Conquests justified through spreading religion and civilization or racial superiority.

Technological Advancements

Improvements in weapons, navigation, and communication that facilitated conquests.

Roman Conquests

The expansion of the Roman Empire through military strength and political strategy (509 BCE–476 CE).

Mongol Empire

The largest contiguous empire in history created by Genghis Khan, using advanced cavalry tactics (1206–1368).

Spanish Conquests in the Americas

Conquest of the Aztec and Inca Empires resulting in wealth extraction and cultural transformation (1492–1600s).

Napoleonic Wars

Conflicts that spread French revolutionary ideas across Europe, leading to economic hardship and resistance (1803–1815).

Scramble for Africa

The division of Africa by European powers through military conquest and diplomacy (1880s–1914).

Nazi Conquests in World War II

Expansion of Nazi Germany aiming for Lebensraum, leading to mass atrocities (1939–1945).

Cultural Diffusion

The mixing of languages, religions, and customs resulting from conquests.

Forced Assimilation

The process of making conquered peoples adopt the culture of their conquerors.

Political Effects of Conquest

Creation of empires and triggers for rebellions and resistance movements.

Economic Effects of Conquest

Exploitation of local economies through resource extraction and new trade systems.

Resistance to Conquest

Efforts by conquered peoples to fight against foreign rule, including guerrilla warfare.

Decolonization

The process by which nations gain independence from colonial powers.

Guerrilla Warfare

A form of irregular warfare using small, mobile forces to fight larger traditional forces.

Sepoy Rebellion

Indian uprising against British rule in 1857.

Boxer Rebellion

Anti-foreigner uprising in China occurring from 1899 to 1901.

Mahatma Gandhi

Leader of the Indian independence movement known for nonviolent resistance.

Algerian War of Independence

A bloody struggle for independence from France from 1954 to 1962.

Neocolonialism

The practice of using economic, political, and cultural pressures to control countries.

Transatlantic Slave Trade

The forced transportation of enslaved Africans to the Americas for labor.

Social Structure Changes

Alterations in societal hierarchies due to new ruling elites emerging from conquests.

Haitian Revolution

Successful slave revolt in Haiti leading to independence from French colonial rule in 1791.

Congress of Vienna

A conference in 1815 aimed at restoring balance of power in Europe after the Napoleonic Wars.

Columbian Exchange

The widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, and ideas between the Americas and the Old World.

Manifest Destiny

19th-century doctrine that justified U.S. territorial expansion across North America.

Zulu Resistance

The resistance movements in South Africa against European colonization, particularly by the Zulu kingdom.