History Japan Definitions, Treaties and persons

Privy Council

Small elite government body, whose approval was required for laws

Treaty of Ganghwa Island 1876

• Korea no longer tributary to China

• Japanese citizens cannot be arrested by Koreans

• No Korean restrictions on Japanese Trade

• Japan can use Korean ports

Treaty of Shimonoseki 1895

• Grants Korea full independence from China

• Taiwan and Liadong peninsula to Japan

• China pays indemnity to Japan

• Opens up Chinese ports to Japanese imports

Treaty of Portsmouth 1905

• Russia and Japan remove all troops from Manchuria

• Liaodong Peninsula and Port Arthur leased to Japan

• Japan leases South Manchurian Railway

• Japan gets southern half of Sakhalin

Japan’s 21 demands to China 1915

• cease leasing territory to countries other than japan

• give Japan Shantung and Manchuria

• Allow Japan to influence Chinese policy

• Japan builds railways on chinese territory

• Free travel for Japanese inside Manchuria

• Japan opens mines in Manchuria

• Japanese temples, schools and hospitals ANYWHERE in China

Washington naval conference 1921-22

• stop building large warships for 10 years

• for every 5 us/uk ships, japan can have 3

• no USA fortifications in the Pacific (PEARL HARBOR)

genrou / genroo

Japanese elder statesmen with direct access to the Emperor

House of Peers

upper cabinet of the Diet

House of representatives

Peace protection law 1925

Arresting and executing anybody who tried to change the political system in Japan

Shouwa Restoration

Political idea that aimed giving Hirohito absolute power

Touseiha (control faction)

• aimed for reform of the government

• tight economic control

• war with China

Koudouha (imperial way faction)

• destruction of political parties, zaibatsu and government

• Shouwa restoration

• War with Soviet Union

26 february incident 1936

Kodoha attempted coup, killed multiple high ranking officials

League of Blood incident 1932

Kodoha assassination of prime minister Inukai

Zhang Zhoulin

warlord of Manchuria that declared independence in 1922

Kwantung Army

Japan’s expeditionary top army unit

Positive Policy

Treating Manchuria as separate from China

Mukden Incident 18.09.1931

explosion on the south manchurian railway that caused the manchurian crisis

Lytton report

• reported the establishment of Manchukuo

• revealed japanese foul play

Tanggu truce 1933

China recognizes Jehol and Manchuria as Japanese

Stimson Doctrine

US foreign policy doctrine that DOESN’T recognize border changes from wars

Chinese Eastern Railway CER

railway opened by USSR after losing the South Manchurian Railway in 1905

Second London Naval Treaty 1935

Japan WITHDREW from international treaties

Marco polo bridge incident 1937

• casus belli for 2nd sino-japanese war

• brief fight on a bridge near Beijing

Nine Power treaty 1922

treaty affirming terrotorial integrity of RoC (failed to stop 2nd sino japanese war)

1st United Front 1923-27

collaboration of KMT and CPC to end warlord era, ended in KMT betrayal during Northern Expedition

2nd United Front 1937-1945

KMT CPC union to fight off Japan (temporary truce)

Hull Note 1941

american demand from us secretary of state Hull for japan to:

• remove all troops from indochina, china and manchuria

• end tripartite alliance

• reject Wang Jingwei government

Wang Jingwei

Head of japanese puppet government in Nanjing 1937-45

Premier or RoC 1932-35

Millard Fillmore

13th US president, sent Commodore Perry

Convention of Kanagawa 1854

• peace between US and Japan

• Opening two japanese ports

• Assistance to american shipwrecked sailors

Togo Heihachiro

Japanese fleet admiral until 1913

Kenneth Pyle

US historian who said the Manchurian crisis was a turning point in International Relations

Hirota Kouki

Weak japanese PM 1936-37

Smoot-Hawley tariff act 1930

Doubled prices on foreign goods, hurt japanese silk

Battle of Khalkin-Gal 1939

Japan’s attempt to expand in the Soviet-Mongolian direction for natural resources, failed

Export Control Act of 1940

Drastic reduction of military grade material export (steel and such) to Japan

Yosuke Matsuoka

Pro War japanese foreign minister during ww2

1940 Roosevelt embargo on Japan

Complete embargo on oil (they imported almost 90%) and seizing of japanese assets for attacking indochina

Prince Konoe

Centrist PM afrer 1940